A comparative assessment of meteorological drought in the Tafna basin, Northwestern Algeria

• Autorzy: Bougara Hanane , Baba-Hamed Kamila , Borgemeister Christian , Tischbein Bernhard , Kumar Navneet

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/jwld.2021.139018

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The drought ranked first in terms the natural hazard characteristics and impacts followed by tropical cyclones, regional floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Drought monitoring is an important aspect of drought risk management and the assessment of drought is usually done through using various drought indices. The western region in Algeria is the most affected by the drought since the middle of the 70s.The current research focuses on the analysis and comparison of four meteorological drought indices (standardized precipitation index – SPI, percent of normal index – PN, decile index – DI, and rainfall anomaly index – RAI) in the Tafna basin for different time scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly) during 1979–2011. The results showed that the SPI and DI have similar frequencies for dry and wet categories. The RAI and PN were able to detect more drought categories. Meanwhile, all indices have strong positive correlations between each other, especially with Spearman correlation tests (0.99; 1.0), the meteorological drought indices almost showed consistent and similar results in the study area. It was determined in 1982 as the driest year and 2008 as the wettest year in the period of the study. The analysis of the trend was based on the test of Mann–Kendall (MK), a positive trend of the indices were detected on a monthly scale, this increasing of indices trend represent the increasing of the wet categories which explains the increasing trend of the rainfall in the last 2000s. These results overview of the understanding of drought trends in the region is crucial for making strategies and assist in decision making for water resources management and reducing vulnerability to drought.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

drought; meteorological drought indices; Tafna basin; trend analysis

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: no. 51
• Strony: 78--93
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 102 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Bougara Hanane

• University of Abou Bekr Belkaid, Faculty of Technology, Tlemcen BP 230 - 13000, Chetouane Tlemcen, Algeria
• Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (PAUWES), Tlemcen, Algeria

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-7269

autor

Baba-Hamed Kamila

• University of Abou Bekr Belkaid, Faculty of Technology, Tlemcen BP 230 - 13000, Chetouane Tlemcen, Algeria

autor

Borgemeister Christian

• University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-0335

autor

Tischbein Bernhard

• University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6504-0482

autor

Kumar Navneet

• University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-0953

Bibliografia

• ABDELMALEK M.B., NOUIRI I. 2020. Study of trends and mapping of drought events in Tunisia and their impacts on agricultural production. Science of The Total Environment. Vol. 734, 139311. DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139311.
• ACHOUR K., MEDDI M., ZEROUAL A., BOUABDELLI S., MACCIONI P., MORAMARCO T. 2020. Spatio-temporal analysis and forecasting of drought in the plains of northwestern Algeria using the standardized precipitation index. Journal of Earth System Science. Vol. 129(42) p. 1–22. DOI 10.1007/s12040-019-1306-3.
• ADJIM H., DJEDID A. 2018. Drought and water mobilization in semi-arid zone: The example of Hammam Boughrara dam (North-West of Algeria). Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 37 p. 3– 10. DOI 10.2478/jwld-2018-0019.
• AFZALI A., KESHTKAR H., PAKZAD S., MOAZAMI N., FARAHANI E.A., KHOSROJERDI E., YOUSEFI Z., TAGHINAGHILOU M. 2016. Spatio-temporal analysis of drought severity using drought indices and deterministic and geostatistical methods (Case study: Zayandeh-roud River Basin). Desert. Vol. 21. No. 2 p. 165–172. DOI 10.22059/jdesert.2016.60325.
• AKBARI H., RAKHSHANDEHROO G.R., SHARIFLOO A.H., OSTADZADEH E. 2015. Drought analysis based on standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI) in Chenar Rahdar River Basin, Southern Iran. Proceedings of the Watershed Management Symposium. 5–7.08.2015 Reston, VA p. 11–22. DOI 10.1061/ 9780784479322.002.
• AL-TIMIMI Y.K., OSAMAH A. 2016. Comparative study of four meteorological drought indices in Iraq. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics. Vol. 8. Iss. 5 p. 76–84. DOI 10.9790/4861-0805037684.
• ASEFJAH B., FANIAN F., FEIZI Z., ABOLHASANI A., PAKTINAT H., NAGHI-LOU M., ATANI A.M., ASADOLLAHI M., BABAKHANI M., KOUROSH-NIYA A., SALEHI F. 2014. Meteorological drought monitoring using several drought indices (Case study: Salt Lake Basin in Iran). Desert. Vol. 19. No. 2 p. 155–165. DOI 10.22059/jdesert .2014.52344.
• AZARAKHSHI M., MAHDAVI M., ARZANI H., AHMADI H. 2011. Assessment of the Palmer drought severity index in arid and semi-arid rangeland: (Case study: Qom province, Iran). Desert. Vol. 16 p. 77–85. DOI 10.22059/jdesert.2012.24739.
• BAGHERI F. 2016. Mapping drought hazard using SPI index and GIS (A case study: Fars Province, Iran). International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics. Vol. 3. No. 1 p. 22–28. DOI 10.30897/ijegeo.304419.
• BARI ABARGHOUEI H., ZARCH M. A. A., DASTORANI M. T., KOUSARI M. R., ZARCH M.S. 2011. The survey of climatic drought trend in Iran. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. Vol. 25. No. 6 p. 851–63. DOI 10.1007/s00477-011-0491-7.
• BARUA S., NG A.W.M., PERERA B.J.C. 2011. Comparative evaluation of drought indexes: Case study on the Yarra River catchment in Australia. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Manage-ment. Vol. 137. No. 2 p. 215–226. DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0000105.
• BAYISSA Y.A., MOGES S.A., XUAN Y., VAN ANDEL S.J., MASKEY S., SOLOMATINE D.P., GRIENSVEN A., VAN TADESSE T. 2015. Spatio-temporal assessment of meteorological drought under the influence of varying record length: The case of Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Hydrological Sciences Journal. Vol. 60 p. 1927– 1942. DOI 10.1080/02626667.2015.1032291.
• BAZRAFSHAN J., KHALILI A. 2013. Spatial analysis of meteorological drought in Iran from 1965 to 2003. Desert. Vol. 18 p. 63–71. DOI 10.22059/jdesert.2013.36276.
• BENDJEMA L., BABA-HAMED K., BOUANANI A. 2019. Characterization of the climatic drought indices application to the Mellah catchment, North-East of Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 43 (X–XII) p. 28–40. DOI 10.2478/jwld-2019-0060.
• BERAN M.A., RODIER J.A. 1985. Hydrological aspects of drought. Ser. Studies and Reports in Hydrology. No. 39. Paris. UNESCO– WMO. ISBN 92-3-102288-1 pp. 149. 90
• BOUABDELLI S., MEDDI M., ZEROUAL A., ALKAMA R. 2020. Hydrological drought risk recurrence under climate change in the karst area of Northwestern Algeria. Journal of Water and Climate Change. Vol. 11(S1) p. 164–188. DOI 10.2166/wcc.2020.207.
• BOUANANI A. 2004. Etude de quelques sous bassins de la Tafna (NW- Algérie) [Study of some Tafna sub-basins (NW-Algeria)]. PhD Thesis. Tlemcen, Algeria. University of Abou Bekr Belkaid pp. 250.
• BOUDAD B., SAHBI H., MANSOURI I. 2018. Analysis of meteorological and hydrological drought based in SPI and SDI index in the Inaouen Basin (Northern Morocco). Journal of Materials and Environ-mental Sciences. Vol. 9. No. 1 p. 219–227. DOI 10.26872/ jmes.2018.9.1.25.
• BOUGARA H., BABA HAMED K., BORGEMEISTER C., TISCHBEIN B., KUMAR N. 2020. Analyzing trend and variability of rainfall in the Tafna Basin (Northwestern Algeria). Atmosphere. Vol. 11. Iss. 4, 347. DOI 10.3390/atmos11040347.
• BRANDIMARTE L., DI BALDASSARRE G., BRUNI G., D’ODORICO P., MON-TANARI A. 2011. Relation between the North-Atlantic Oscillation and hydroclimatic conditions in Mediterranean areas. Water Resources Management. Vol. 25. No. 5 p. 1269–1279. DOI 10.1007/s11269-010-9742-5.
• DA SILVA R.M., SANTOS C.A.G., MOREIRA M., CORTE-REAL J., SILVA V.C.L., MEDEIROS I.C. 2015. Rainfall and river flow trends using Mann– Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator statistical tests in the Cobres River basin. Natural Hazards. Vol. 77. No. 2 p. 1205–1221. DOI 10.1007/s11069-015-1644-7.
• DEO R.C. 2011. On meteorological droughts in tropical Pacific islands: Time-series analysis of observed rainfall using Fiji as a case study. Meteorological Applications. Vol. 18. No. 2 p. 171–180. DOI 10.1002/met.216.
• DIKICI M. 2020. Drought analysis with different indices for the Asi Basin (Turkey). Scientific Reports. 10.20739. DOI 10.1038/ s41598-020-77827-z.
• DJELLOULI F., BOUANANI A., BABA-HAMED K. 2016. Efficiency of some meteorological drought indexes in different time scales, case study: Wadi Louza basin NW-Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 31 p. 33–41. DOI 10.1515/jwld-2016-0034.
• DJELLOULI F., BOUANANI A., BABA-HAMED K. 2018. Climate change: Assessment and monitoring of meteorological and hydrological drought of Wadi El Hammam basin (NW-Algeria). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. Vol. 8. No. 3 p. 1037. DOI 10.4314/jfas.v8i3.20.
• DOGAN S., BERKTAY A., SINGH V.P. 2012. Comparison of multi-monthly rainfall-based drought severity indices, with application to semi- arid Konya closed basin, Turkey. Journal of Hydrology. Vol. 470 p. 255–268. DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.003.
• DONAT M.G., PETERSON T.C., BRUNET M., KING A.D., ALMAZROUI M., KOLLI R.K., BOUCHERF D., AL-MULLA A.Y., NOUR A.Y., ALY A.A. 2014. Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab Region: Long-term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO: Extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab Region. International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 34 p. 581–592. DOI 10.1002/joc.3707.
• DÜNKELOH A., JACOBEIT J. 2003. Circulation dynamics of Mediterranean precipitation variability 1948–98: Circulation dynamics of Mediterranean precipitation variability. International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 23. No. 15 p. 1843–1866. DOI 10.1002/joc.973.
• EDWARDS D.C., MCKEE T.B. 1997. Characteristics of 20th century drought in the United States at multiple times scales. Atmospheric Science Paper. Vol. 634 p. 1–30.
• FARAHMAND A., AGHAKOUCHAKA. 2019. A generalized framework for deriving nonparametric standardized drought indicators. Advances in Water Resources. Vol. 76 p. 140–145. DOI 10.1016/j. advwatres.2014.11.012.
• FNIGUIRE F., LAFTOUHI N.E., SAIDI M.E., ZAMRANE Z., EL HIMER H., KHALIL N. 2017. Spatial and temporal analysis of the drought vulnerability and risks over eight decades in a semi-arid region (Tensift Basin: Morocco). Theoretical and Applied Climatology. Vol. 130. No. 1–2 p. 321–330. DOI 10.1007/s00704-016-1873-z.
• GADER K., GARA A., VANCLOOSTER M., KHLIFI S., SLIMANI M. 2020. Drought assessment in a South Mediterranean Transboundary Catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal. Vol. 65. Iss. 8 p. 1300–1315. DOI 10.1080/02626667.2020.1747621.
• GEDEFAW M., YAN D., WANG H., QIN T., GIRMA A., ABIYU A., BATSUREN D. 2018. Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall variability in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Atmosphere. Vol. 9, 326 p. 1–10. DOI 10.3390/atmos9090326.
• GHENIM A.N., MEGNOUNIF A., SEDDINI A., TERFOUSA. 2010. Fluctuations hydro-pluviométriques du bassin-versant de l’ouedTafna à Béni Bahdel (Nord-Ouest algérien) [Hydro-pluviometric fluctuations of the Tafna wadi watershed in Béni Bahdel (Northwest Algeria)]. Sécheresse. Vol. 21 p. 115–120. DOI 10.1684/sec.2010.0240.
• GIBBS W.J., MAHER J.V. 1967. Rainfall deciles as drought indicators. Bureau of Meteorology Bulletin. No. 48. Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. GOCIC M., TRAJKOVIC S. 2013. Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia. Global and Planetary Change. Vol. 100 p. 172–182. DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.10.014.
• GUTTMAN N.B. 1998. Comparing the Palmer drought index and the standardized precipitation index. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Vol. 34 p. 113–122. DOI 10.1111/j.1752- 1688.1998.tb05964.x
• HABIBI B., MEDDI M., TORFS P.J.J.F., REMAOUN M., VAN LANEN H.A.J. 2018. Characterisation and prediction of meteorological drought using stochastic models in the semi-arid Chéliff–Zahrez Basin (Algeria). Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. Vol. 16 p. 15– 31. DOI 10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.02.00510.1016/j.ejrh.2018.02.005.
• HALWATURA D., MCINTYRE N., LECHNER A.M., ARNOLD S. 2017. Capability of meteorological drought indices for detecting soil moisture droughts. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. Vol. 12 p. 396– 412. DOI 10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.06.001.
• HAMLAOUI-MOULAI L., MESBAH M., SOUAG-GAMANE D., MEDJERAB A. 2013. Detecting hydro-climatic change using spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall time series in Western Algeria. Natural Hazards. Vol. 65 p. 1293–1311. DOI 10.1007/s11069-012-0411-2.
• HAMMAR Y., DJEBBAR Y., KHOUALDIA W. 2014. Caractérisation de la variabilité climatique : Cas du bassin versant de La Medjerda (Nord-Est Algérien) [Characterization of climate variability: Case of watershed Medjerda (North East of Algeria)]. Synthèse : Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie. No. 29 p. 6–23. DOI 10.12816/ 0027871.
• HÄNSEL S., SCHUCKNECHT A., MATSCHULLAT J. 2016. The Modified Rainfall Anomaly Index (MRAI) – Is this an alternative to the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) in evaluating future extreme precipitation characteristics. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. Vol. 123. No. 3–4 p. 827–844. DOI 10.1007/s00704- 015-1389-y.
• HAUKE J., KOSSOWSKI T. 2011. Comparison of values of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients on the same sets of data. Quaestiones Geographicae. Vol. 30. No. 2 p. 87–93. DOI 10.2478/ v10117-011-0021-1.
• HAYES M.J., SVOBODA M., WILHITE D.A., VANYARKHO O. 1999. Monitoring the 1996 drought using the SPI. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 80 p. 429–438. DOI 10.1175/15200477(1999)080<0429:MTDUTS>2.0.CO;2.
• HIRSCH R.M., SLACK J.R., SMITH R.A. 1982. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resource Research. Vol. 18 p. 107–121. DOI 10.1029/WR018i001p00107.
• IPCC 2014. Climate Change 2014. Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri, L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. Geneva, Switzerland. Intergovernmental Panel. ISBN 978-92-9169-143-2 pp. 151.
• JAIN S.K., VIJAY K. 2012. Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India. Current Science. Vol. 102. No. 1 p. 37–49.
• JAIN V.K., PANDEY R. P., JAIN M.K., BYUN H.R. 2015. Comparison of drought indices for appraisal of drought characteristics in the Ken River Basin. Weather and Climate Extremes. Vol. 8 p. 1–11. DOI 10.1016/j.wace.2015.05.002.
• KANELLOU E., DOMENIKIOTIS C., BLANTA A., HONDRONIKOU E., DALEZIOS N. R. 2008. Index-based drought assessment in semi-arid areas of Greece based on conventional data. European Water. Vol. 23/24 p. 87–98.
• KAZ A.1987. Nonparametric techniques for analysis of hydrological events nonparametric techniques for analysis of hydrological events. Water for the Future: Hydrology in Perspective (Proceedings of the Rome Symposium, April 1987). IAHS Publ. No. 164 p. 67–76.
• KETROUCI K., MEDDI M., ABDESSELAM B. 2012. Study of the extreme floods in Algeria: The case of the Tafna catchment area. Sécheresse. Vol. 23 p. 297–305. DOI 10.1684/sec.2012.0353.
• KEYANTASH J., DRACUP J.A. 2002. The quantification of drought: An evaluation of drought indices. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 83. Iss. 8 p. 1167–1180. DOI 10.1175/ 1520-0477-83.8.1167.
• KHEZAZNA A., AMARCHI H., DERDOUS O., BOUSAKHRIA F. 2017. Drought monitoring in Seybouse Basin (Algeria) over the last decades. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 33 p. 79–88. DOI 10.1515/jwld-2017-0022.
• KHOUALDIA W., DJEBBAR Y., HAMMAR Y. 2014. Caractérisation de la variabilitéclimatique: cas du bassin versant de La Medjerda (Nord-Est algérien) [Climatic variability characterisation: Case of Medjerda watershed (northeastern Algeria)]. Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie. Vol. 29. No. 1 p. 6–23.
• KISI O., AY M. 2014. Comparison of Mann–Kendall and innovative trend method for water quality parameters of the Kizilirmak River, Turkey. Journal of Hydrology. Vol. 513 p. 362–375. DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.005.
• KRAUSE P., BOYLE D.P., BASE F. 2005. Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment. Advances in Geoscience. Vol. 5 p. 89–97. DOI 10.5194/adgeo-5-89-2005.
• KUMAR N., TISCHBEIN B., BEG M.K. 2019. Multiple trend analysis of rainfall and temperature for a monsoon-dominated catchment in India. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. Vol. 131 p. 1019– 1033. DOI 10.1007/s00703-018-0617-2.
• KUMAR V. 1998. An early warning system for agricultural drought in an arid region using limited data. Journal Arid Environments. Vol. 40 p. 199–209. DOI 10.1006/jare.1998.0437.
• LAZRI M., AMEUR S., BRUCKER J.M., LAHDIR M., SEHAD M. 2015. Analysis of drought areas in Northern Algeria using Markov chains. Earth System and Science. Vol. 124 pp. 61. DOI 10.1007/s12040-014- 0500-6.
• LLOYD-HUGHES B., SAUNDERS M. 2002. A drought climatology for Europe. International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 22. Iss. 13 p. 1571–1592. DOI 10.1002/joc.846.
• LORENZO-LACRUZ J., MORáN-TEJEDA E. 2016. Spatio-temporal patterns of meteorological droughts in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica. Vol. 42. No. 1 p. 49. DOI 10.18172/cig.2948.
• MA M., REN L., SINGH V.P., YUAN F., CHEN L., YANG X., LIU Y. 2015. Hydrologic model-based Palmer indices for drought characterization in the Yellow River basin, China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. Vol. 30 p. 1401–1420. DOI 10.1007/s00477-015-1136-z.
• MARENGO J.A., TOMASELLA J., ALVES L.M., SOARES W.R., RODRIGUEZ D.A. 2011. The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon region. Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 38. Iss. 12, L12703. DOI 10.1029/2011GL047436.
• MCCARTHY J.J. 2001. Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 01500 6 pp. 1042.
• MCKEE T.B., DOESKEN N.J., KLEIST J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology. Anaheim, California. No. 1 p. 179–184.
• MEDDI H., MEDDI M. 2009. Variabilité des précipitations annuelles du Nord-Ouest de l’Algérie [Variability of annual precipitation in North-West Algeria]. Sécheresse. Vol. 20. No. 1 p. 57–65. DOI 10.1684/sec.2009.0169.
• MEDDI M., HUBERT P. 2003. Impact de la modification du régime pluviométrique sur les ressources en eau du Nord-Ouest de l’Algérie [Impact of the modification of the rainfall regime on the water resources of North-West Algeria]. Hydrology of the Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions. Proceedings of an inter-national symposium held at Montpelier. IAHS Publ. No. 278 p. 229–235.
• MEDDI M., TOUMI S., MEHAIGUENE M. 2013. Hydrological drought in Tafna Basin – Algeria. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of Environmental Science and Technology, 5–7 Sep-tember 2013. Athens. Greece. Academia p. 9.
• MEDDI M.M., ASSANI A.A., MEDDI H. 2010. Temporal variability of annual rainfall in the Macta and Tafna catchments, Northwestern Algeria. Water Resource Management. Vol. 24 p. 3817–3833. DOI 10.1007/s11269-010-9635-7.
• MEDJERAB A., HENIA L. 2005. Régionalisation des pluies annuelles dans l’Algérie Nord-occidentale [Regionalization of annual rainfall in North-western Algeria]. Revue Géographique de l'Est. Vol. 45. No. 2. DOI 10.4000/rge.501.
• MORID S., SMAKHTIN V., MOGHADDASI M. 2006. Comparison of seven meteorological indices for drought monitoring in Iran. International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 26. Iss. 8 p. 971–985. DOI 10.1002/joc.1264.
• MRAD D., DAIRI S., BOUKHARI S., DJEBBAR Y. 2018b. Caractérisation de la secheresse: Cas du bassin Versant Seybouse [Characterization of the drought: Case of the Seybouse watershed]. Journal Interna-tional Sciences et Technique de l’Eau et de l’Environnement. Vol. III. No. 1 p. 195–198.
• MRAD D., DJEBBAR Y., HAMMAR Y. 2018a. Analysis of trend rainfall: Case of North-Eastern Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Develop-ment. No. 36 p. 105–115. DOI 10.2478/jwld-2018-0011.
• MUÑOZ-DÍAZ D., RODRIGO F.S. 2003. Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the probability for climatic categories of local monthly rainfall in Southern Spain: NAO and rainfall Southern Spain. International Journal of Climatology. Vol. 23. No. 4 p. 381–397. DOI 10.1002/joc.886.
• NOUACEUR Z., MURĂRESCU O., MURĂTOREANU G. 2017. Rainfall variability and trend analysis of multiannual rainfall in Romanian Plain. Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste Geographical Series. Vol. 17 p. 124–144. DOI 10.1515/avutgs-2017-0012.
• PASSIOURA J. 2007. The drought environment: physical, biological and agricultural perspectives. Journal of Experimental Botany. Vol. 58 p. 113–117. DOI 10.1093/jxb/erl212.
• PATHAK A.A., CHANNAVEERAPPA, DODAMANI B.M. 2016. Comparison of two hydrological drought indices. Perspectives in Science. Vol. 8 p. 626–628. DOI 10.1016/j.pisc.2016.06.039.
• PAULO A.A., PEREIRA L.S. 2006. Drought concepts and characterization. Water International. Vol. 31 p. 37–49. DOI 10.1080/02508060 608691913.
• PEARSON K. 1896. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. III. Regression, heredity, and panmixia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series. Vol. 187 p. 253–318. DOI 10.1098/rsta.1896.0007.
• PEARSON K. 1900. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. VII. On the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series. Vol. 195 p. 1–47. DOI 10.1098/rsta.1900.0022.
• PHILANDRAS C.M., NASTOS P.T., KAPSOMENAKIS J., DOUVIS K.C., TSELIOU-DIS G., ZEREFOS C.S. 2011. Long term precipitation trends and variability within the Mediterranean Region. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. Vol. 11 p. 3235–3250. DOI 10.5194/ nhess-11-3235-2011.
• RAHMAN A.S., KAMRUZZAMA M., JAHAN C.S., MAZUMDER Q.H. 2016. Longterm trend analysis of water table using ‘MAKESENS’ model and sustainability of groundwater resources in drought prone Barind Area, NW Bangladesh. Journal of the Geological Society of India. Vol. 87. No. 2 p. 179–193. DOI 10.1007/s12594-016-0386-9.
• SAHNOUNE F., BELHAMEL M., ZELMAT M., KERBACHI R. 2013. Climate change in Algeria: Vulnerability and strategy of mitigation and adaptation. Energy Procedia. Vol. 36 p. 1286–1294. DOI 10.1016/ j.egypro.2013.07.145.
• SHAH R.B., NITIN MANEKAR V. 2015. Drought index computation using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method for Surat District, Gujarat. Aquatic Procedia. Vol. 4 p. 1243–1249. DOI 10.1016/j. aqpro.2015.02.162.
• SHAHABFAR A., EITZINGER J. 2013. Spatio-temporal analysis of droughts in semi-arid regions by using meteorological drought indices. Atmosphere. Vol. 4. Iss. 2 p. 94–112. DOI 10.3390/atmos 4020094.
• SNEYERS R. 1975. Sur l’analysestatistique des séries d’observations [On the statistical analysis of series of observations]. Note Technique. No. 143. Genève, Switzerland Secrétariat de l’Organisations Météorologique Mondiale. ISBN 9263204152 pp. 192.
• SOLEIMANI SARDOU F., BAHREMAND A. 2014. Hydrological drought analysis using SDI index in Halilrud Basin of Iran. Environmental Resources Research. Vol. 2. No. 1 p. 47–56. DOI 10.22069/ IJERR.2014.1678.
• SOO JUN K., CHUNG E.-S., SUNG J.-Y., LEE K.-S. 2011. Development of spatial water resources vulnerability index considering climate change impacts. Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 409. Iss. 24 p. 5228–5242. DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.027.
• SPEARMAN C.E. 1910. Correlation calculated from faulty data. British Journal of Psychology. Vol. 3 p. 271–295. DOI 10.1111/j.2044- 8295.1910.tb00206.x.
• SWETALINA N., THOMAS T. 2016. Evaluation of hydrological drought characteristics for Bearma Basin in Bundelkh and Region of Central India. Procedia Technology. Vol. 24 p. 85–92. DOI 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.013.
• TABARI H., ABGHARI H., HOSSEINZADEH TALAEE P. 2012. Temporal trends and spatial characteristics of drought and rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Hydrological Processes. Vol. 26 p. 3351–3361. DOI 10.1002/hyp.8460.
• TALEB A., BELAIDIA N., GAGNEUR J. 2004. Water quality before and after dam building on a heavily polluted river in semi-arid Algeria. River Research and Applications. Vol. 20. Iss. 8 p. 943–956. DOI 10.1002/rra.800.
• TIGKAS D., TSAKIRIS G. 2014. Early estimation of drought impacts on rainfed wheat yield in Mediterranean climate. Environmental Processes. Vol. 2. Iss. 1 p. 97–114. DOI 10.1007/s40710-014- 0052-4.
• TIGKAS D., VANGELIS H., TSAKIRIS G. 2015. Drin C: a software for drought analysis based on drought indices. Earth Science Informatics. Vol. 8. Iss. 3 p. 697–709. DOI 10.1007/s12145-014-0178-y.
• TRAMBLAY Y., BADI W., DRIOUECH F. EL ADLOUNI S., NEPPEL L., SERVAT E. 2012. Climate change impacts on extreme precipitation in Morocco. Global Planetary Change. Vol. 82–83 p. 104–114. DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.12.002.
• TSAKIRIS G., NALBANTIS I., VANGELIS H., VERBEIREN B., HUYSMANS M., TYCHON B., BATELAAN O. 2013. A system-based paradigm of drought analysis for operational management. Water Resources Management. Vol. 27 p. 5281–5297. DOI 10.1007/s11269-013- 0471-4.
• TSAKIRIS G., PANGALOU D., VANGELIS H. 2007. Regional drought assessment based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Water Resources Management. Vol. 21. Iss. 5 p. 821–833. DOI 10.1007/s11269-006-9105-4.
• VAN ROOY M.P. 1965. A rainfall anomaly index (RAI), independent of the time and space. Notos. Vol. 14 p. 43–48.
• VOGT J.V., SOMMA F. 2000. Introduction. In: Drought and drought mitigation in Europe. Eds. J. Vogt, F. Somma. Springer Verl. p. 3–5. DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9472-1.
• WILHITE D.A. 2000. Drought as a natural hazard: Concepts and definitions. Chapt. 1. In: Drought: A global assessment. Drought Mitigation Center Faculty Publications. No. 69 p. 3–18.
• WILHITE D.A., GLANTZ M.H. 1985. Understanding the drought phenomenon: The role of definitions. Water International. Vol. 10. Iss. 3 p. 111–120. DOI 10.1080/02508068508686328.
• WMO 2006. Drought monitoring and early warning: Concepts, progress, and future challenges. Geneva. Switzerland. World Meterological Organization. ISBN 978-92-63-11006-0 pp. 24.
• ZAREI A., ASADI E., EBRAHIMI A., JAFARY M., MALEKIAN A., TAHMOURES M., ALIZADEH E. 2017. Comparison of meteorological indices for spatio-temporal analysis of drought in Chahrmahal-Bakhtiyari province in Iran. Hrvatski meteorološki časopis. Vol. 52. No. 52 p. 13–26.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).