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Performance of Different Types of Hearing Protectors Undergoing High-Level Impulse Noise

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The paper describes the problems that may occur when hearing protectors, usually designed for industrial noise environments, are used for high-level impulse (weapon) noise. The military impulse noise environment is described, as are the different types of passive and active hearing protectors and the measurement procedures. The different mechanisms that may alter the effectiveness of the hearing protectors as well as their global efficiency when submitted to high-level impulse noise are presented. The paper also discusses how the performance values accessible to the user may be used in different damage risk criteria for continuous and impulse noise.
Rocznik
Strony
227--240
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 16 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
  • ISL Groupe APC, Saint-Louis, France
Bibliografia
  • 1.American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Methods for measuring the real-ear attenuation of hearing protectors (Standard No. ANSI S12.6-1997). New York, NY, USA: ANSI; 1997.
  • 2.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics—determination of sound immissions from sound sources placed close to the ears—part 1: technique using microphones in real ears (MIREtechnique) (Standard No. ISO 11904-1:2002). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2002.
  • 3.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics—hearing protectors—part 3: measurement of insertion loss of ear-muff type protectors using an acoustic test fixture (Standard No. ISO TR 4869-3:1989). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1989.
  • 4.American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Method for the measurement of real-ear protection of hearing protectors and physical attenuation of earmuffs (Standard No. ANSI S3-19-1974). New York, NY, USA: ANSI; 1974.
  • 5.Franke R, Parmentier G, Evrard G, Kronenberger G, Beck C, Brunner JJ. Tete artificielle pour l’evaluation de l’efficacite des protecteurs vis-a-vis de bruits de niveaux eleve. I: developpement et essays en regime impulsionnel (Report No. ISL R 112/94). Saint-Louis, France: French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL); 1994.
  • 6.Hamery P, Dancer A. Amplitude-sensitive attenuating earplugs. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999;105:1130.
  • 7.National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Method for calculating and using the noise reduction rating—NRR. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from: http://www2.cdc.gov/hp-devices/pdfs/calculation.pdf.
  • 8.U.S. Department of Defence. Design criteria standard—noise limits (Standard No. MIL STD 1474D); 1997. Retrieved February 23, 2009, from: http://www.silencertests.com/docs/mil-std-1474d.pdf.
  • 9.Pfander F, Bongartz H, Brinkmann H. Das Knalltrauma: Analyse, Vorbeugung, Diagnose, Behandlung, Prognose und Begutachtung. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1975.
  • 10.Atherley GRC, Martin AM. Equivalentcontinuous noise level as a measure of injury from impact and impulse noise. Ann Occup Hyg. 1971;14:11–28.
  • 11.Dancer A, Franke R. Hearing hazard from impulse noise: a comparative study of two classical criteria for weapon noises (Pfander criterion and Smoorenburg criterion) and the LAeq8 method. Acustica–Acta Acustica. 1995;3:539–47.
  • 12.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics—assessment of occupational noise exposure for hearing conservation purposes. 1st ed. (Standard No. ISO/R 1999 1971(E)). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1971.
  • 13.Price GR, Kalb JT. Insights into hazards from intense impulses from a mathematical model of the ear. J Acoust Soc Am. 1991;90:219–27.
  • 14.Młyński R, Żera J. Prediction of impulsive noise waveform under an earmuff worn by a real user [abstract]. J Acoust Soc Am. 2008;123(5 Pt 2):3529.
  • 15.Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise). OJ. 2003;L42:38–44.
  • 16.European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Hearing protectors—recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance—guide document (Standard No. EN 458:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2004.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-8f55e6e2-3ba8-4b9b-bd8d-637d4bab952e
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