Methodology for generating stable concentrations of nano-objects

• Autorzy: Kaczorowska B.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0009.5445

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

With an increasing number of companies using and producing nanomaterials, also the number of workers who are exposed to nano-objects is increasing. Nano-objects, because of their very small size, can very easily overcome the human systemic barrier and rapidly penetrate into the body, settling mainly in the lungs. It is important to establish standards for nanomaterials, because of the health and safety of workers who are exposed to nanomaterials in their workplace. During the exposure evaluation, it is important to determine the parameters of nano-objects in real-time and thus it is necessary to validate the measuring apparatus used during researches. The purpose of the project is to provide the possibility of obtaining stable concentrations of the nano-objects to validate the measuring apparatus for real-time testing of parameters of the nano-objects. The literature review [1-4] on methodology for generating nano-objects using techniques of nucleation and spark discharge was made. After analyzing different models, which were found in the literature [1-4], an experimental set-up was created. The experimental set-up is composed of: an aerosol generator, an aerosol neutralizer, a high-temperature furnace, a heat exchanger, a dilution system and a sampling chamber. Our set-up has many advantages: –– it can generate different types of nano-objects (carbon, cooper and silver nano-objects) with stable concentration; –– it can generate nano-objects with different concentration; –– it allows to take four samples at the same time and measure their parameters by using various measurement apparatus. Thanks to the built set-up, it will be possible to validate measuring apparatus for testing parameters of nano-objects in real-time using an ELPI+ (Dekati) as a reference apparatus.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nano-objects; aerosol generators; aerosol neutralizer; high-temperature furnace; validation; number concentration

PL

nanoobiekty; generator aerozolu; neutralizator aerozolu; piec wysokotemperaturowy; walidacja; ilość stężeń

• Wydawca: Foundation for Young Scientists
• Czasopismo: Challenges of Modern Technology
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 7, no. 3
• Strony: 20--24
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., fot.

Twórcy

autor

Kaczorowska B.

• Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] A. Schmidt-Ott, New approaches to in situ characterization of ultrafine agglomerates” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 1988, 19, 553–563
• [2] M. Shimada, et al. „Size change of very fine silver agglomerates by sintering in a heated flow” in Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1994, 27, 795–802
• [3] T. Seto, et al. “Sintering of polydisperse nanometer-sized agglomerates” in Aerosol Science and Technology, 1997, 27, 422–438
• [4] A. P. Weber and S. K. Friedlander “In situ determination of the activation energy for restructuring of nanometer aerosol agglomerates” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 1997, 28, 179–192
• [5] S. Schwyn, et al. “Aerosol generation by spark discharge” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 1988, 19(5), 639-642
• [6] C. Helsper, et al. “Investigations of a new aerosol generator for the production of carbon aggregate particles” in Atmospheric Environment, 1993, 27(8), 1271-1275
• [7] C. Roth, et al. “Do inhaled ultrafine particles cause acute health effects in rats? I: Particle production.” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 1998, 29, S679-S680
• [8] J. S. Brown, et al. “Generation of Radiolabeled “Soot-Like” Ultrafine Aerosols Suitable for Use in Human Inhalation Studies” in Aerosol Science & Technology, 2000, 32(4), 325-337
• [9] D. E. Evans, et al. “The generation and characterization of metallic and mixed element aerosols for human challenge studies” in Aerosol Science & Technology, 2003, 37(12), 975-987
• [10] H. Horvath and M. Gangl “A low-voltage spark generator for production of carbon particles” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 2003, 34(11), 1581-1588
• [11] C. Roth, et al. “Generation of ultrafine particles by spark discharging” in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2004, 38(3), 228-235
• [12] J. P. Borra “Nucleation and aerosol processing in atmospheric pressure electrical discharges: powders production, coatings and filtration” in Journal of Physics D, 2006, 39(2), R19-R54
• [13] J. H. Byeon, et al. “Spark generation of monometallic and bimetallic aerosol nanoparticles” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 2008, 39(10), 888-896
• [14] N. S. Tabrizi, et al. “Generation of nanoparticles by spark discharge” in Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2009, 11(2), 315-332
• [15] N. S. Tabrizi, et al. “Synthesis of mixed metallic nanoparticles by spark discharge” in Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2009, 11(5), 1209-1218
• [16] N. S. Tabrizi, et al. “Generation of mixed metallic nanoparticles from immiscible metals by spark discharge” in Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2010, 12(1), 247-259.
• [17] S. Bau, et al. “Experimental study of the response functions of direct-reading instruments measuring surface-area concentration of airborne nanostructured particles” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, 2009, p. 012006
• [18] B. K. Ku and A. D. Maynard “Generation and investigation of airborne silver nanoparticles with specific size and morphology by homogeneous nucleation, coagulation and sintering” in Journal of Aerosol Science, 2006, 37.4: 452-470
• [19] S. Bau, et al. “Electrical properties of airborne nanoparticles produced by a commercial spark-discharge generator” in Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2010, 12.6: 1989-1995
• [20] J. H. Jung, et al. “Metal nanoparticle generation using a small ceramic heater with a local heating area” in Journal of aerosol science, 2006, 37.12: 1662-1670
• [21] J. Jacoby, et al. “Caiman: a versatile facility to produce aerosols of nanoparticles” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, 2011, p. 012014