Passive seismic velocity tomography and geostatistical simulation on longwall mining panel

• Autorzy: Hosseini N. , Oraee K. , Shahriar K. , Goshtasbi K.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Tomografia pasywna pola prędkości i symulacje geostatystyczne w obrębie pola ścianowego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Generally, the accurate determination of the stress in surrounding rock mass of underground miting area has an important role in stability and ground control. In this paper stress redistribution around the longwall face has been studied using passive seismic velocity tomography based on Simultaneous Iterativa Reconstructive Technique (SIRT) and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS). The mining-induced microseismic events are used as a passive source. Since such sources are used, the ray coverage is insufficient and in order to resolve this deficiency, the wave velocity is estimated in a denser network and by the SGS method. Consequently the three-dimensional images of wave velocity are created and sliced into the coal seam. To analyze the variations of stress around the panel during the study period, these images are interpreted. Results show that the state of stress redistribution around the longwall panel can be deduced from these velocity images. In addition, movements of the stressed zones, including front and side abutments and the goaf area, along the longwall face are evident. The applied approach illustrated in this paper can be used as a useful method to monitoring the stress changes around the longwall face continuously. His can have significant safety implications and contribute to improvements in operational productivity.

PL

Dokładne określenie naprężeń górotworu w warstwach otaczających wyrobiska podziemne ma podstawowe znaczenie dla stabilności i zabezpieczenia powierzchni. W artykule tym zbadano rozkłady naprężeń wokół przodka ścianowego przy wykorzystaniu tomografii pola prędkości, w oparciu o techniki rekonstrukcji przy równoczesnych iteracjach i sekwencyjnej symulacji Gaussa (SSG). Drobne wydarzenia mikrosejsmiczne wykorzystane zostały jako źródła bierne. Z uwagi na wykorzystanie takich źródeł, zasięg promieni jest niewystarczający, dlatego też prędkość fali określana jest przy użyciu gęstszej siatki i w oparciu o metody sekwencyjnej symulacji Gaussa. W rezultacie otrzymujemy trójwymiarowe obrazy prędkości fali, które następnie „narzucane” są warstwami na pokład węgla. Określenie naprężenia wokół pola w trakcie badania wymaga interpretacji tych obrazów. Wyniki wskazują, że rozkład stanu naprężenia wokół ściany można określić na podstawie obrazów prędkości. Ponadto, uwidaczniają się ruchy stref podlegających naprężeniom, w tym warstw sąsiadujących przednich i bocznych oraz obszaru samego wyrobiska wzdłuż przodka ściany. Zastosowane podejście może zostać wykorzystane jako skuteczna metoda bieżącego monitorowania zmian naprężeń w rejonie ściany. Ma to poważne znaczenie z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa pracy, a co za tym idzie przyczynia się do podniesienia wydobycia.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

longwall mining; passive seismic tomography; SIRT; SGS; stress redistribution

PL

wybieranie ścianowe; tomografia pola prędkości; metody rekonstrukcji przy równoczesnych iteracjach; rozkład naprężeń; symulacja sekwencyjna Gaussa

• Wydawca: Instytut Mechaniki Górotworu PAN
• Czasopismo: Archives of Mining Sciences
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 57, no. 1
• Strony: 139--155
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 67 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Hosseini N.

• Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

autor

Oraee K.

• Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK

autor

Shahriar K.

• Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

autor

Goshtasbi K.

• Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Bibliografia

• Alcott J., Kaiser P., Simser B., 1998. Use of Microseismic Source Parameters for Rockburst Hazard Assessment. Pure and Applied Geophysics Journal, Volume 153, Issue 1, pp. 41-65.
• Brady B., 1977. Anomalous Seismicity Prior to Rockbursts: Implications for Earthquake Prediction. Pure and Applied Geophysics Journal, Volume 115, Issue 1-2, pp. 357-374.
• Cassiani G., Bohm G., Vesnaver A., Nicolich R., 1998. A Geostatistical Framework for Incorporating Seismic Tomography Auxiliary Data into Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 206, Issue 1-2, pp. 58-74. Chapman C.H., 2004. Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation. Cambridge University Press, UK.
• Chow T.M., Megls I.L., Young R.P., 1995. Progressive Microcrack Development in Tests on Lac Du Bonnet Granit - II. Ultrasonic Tomographic Imaging. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Sciences, and Geomechanice Abstracts, Volume 32, Issue 8, Pages 751-761.
• Cook N., 1963. The Seismic Location of Rockbursts. Proceedings of the 5th Rock Mechanics Symposium, Pergamon Press, pp. 493-516.
• Cox M., 1999. Static Corrections for Seismic Reflection Surveys. Tulsa, OK, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
• Deustch C.V., 2002. Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Eberhart-Phillips D., Han D-H., Zoback M.D., 1989. Empirical Relationships among Seismic Velocity, Effective Pressure, Porosity, and Clay Content in Sandstone. Geophysics Journal, Vol. 54, Issue 1, pp. 82-89.
• Eneva M., Mendecki A.J., Van Aswegen G., 1998. Seismic Response of Rock Mass to Blasting and Rock Burst Potential. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 35, Issue 4, pp. 390-391.
• Eneva M., Van Aswegen G., Mendecki A.J., 1996. Volume of Ground Motion and Seismic Hazard. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 393-394.
• Friedel M.J., Jackson M.J., Willams E.M., Olson M.S., Westman E., 1996. Tomographic Imaging of Coal Pillar Conditions: Observations and Implications. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 33, Issue 3, pp. 279-290.
• Friedel M.J., Scott D.F., Williams T.J., 1997. Temporal Imaging of Mine-Induced Stress Change Using Seismic Tomography. Engineering Geology Journal, Vol. 46, Issue 2, pp. 131-141.
• Gale W.J., Heasley K.A., Iannacchione A.T., Swanson P.L., Hatherly P., King A., 2001. Rock Damage Characterisation from Microseismic Monitoring. Proceedings of Rock Mechanics in the National Interest, Proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, Vol. 2, Lisse, Netherlands, A. A. Balkema, pp. 1313-1320.
• Glazer S., Lurka A., 2007. Application of Passive Seismic Tomography to Cave Mining Operations Based on Experience at Palabora Mining Company, South Africa. Proceedings of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1st International Symposium on Block and Sub-Level Caving, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 369-388.
• Hanna K., Haramy K., 1998. Ground Control and Geologic Assessment in Mining Through the Use of Geophysical Tomographic Imaging. In: Proceedings of Geomechanics/Ground Control in Mining Underground Construction Conference, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, pp. 543-553.
• Hanson D., Vandergrift T., DeMarco M., Hanna K., 2002. Advanced Techniques in Site Characterization and Miting Hazard Detection for the Underground Coal Industry. International Journal of Coal Geology, Volume 50, Issues 1-4, pp. 275-301.
• Hardy H., 2003. Acoustic Emission / Microseismic Activity. Lisse, Balkema.
• Harris J., Akintunde M., 2005. Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring of Coal Bed Natural Gas Production: A Case Study from the Powder River Basin. Wyoming Status Geological Survey, Report of investigations (Wyoming Status Geological Survey), No. 55.
• Hebblewhite B., Simpson J., 2001. Wider Longwall Faces May Not Be Better. Mining Technology, IMM Transactions Section A, Vol. 110, No. 1. pp. 11-17.
• Hsieh J., 2003. Computed Tomography: Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advances. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press.
• Iannacchione A., Bajpayee T.S., Edwards J., 2005a. Forecasting Roof Falls with Monitoring Technologies – A Look at the Moonee Colliery Experience. Proceedings of the 24th international conference ground control in mining, Morgantown, WV, p. 44-60.
• Iannacchione A.T., Esterhuizen G.S., Bajpayee T.S., Swanson P.L., Chapman M.C., 2005b. Characteristics of Mining-Induced Seismicity Associated with Roof Falls and Roof Caving Events. Proceedings of the 40th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, Anchorage, AK, Alexandria, pp. 1-10.
• Jeremic M.L., 1985. Strata Mechanics in Coal Mining. A.A. BALKEMA, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
• Kormendi A., Bodoky T., Hermann L., Dianiska L., Kalman T., 1986. Seismic Measurements for Safety in Mines. Geophysical Prospecting Journal, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 1022-1037.
• Lee W.H.K., Pereyra V., 1993. Mathematical Introduction to Seismic Tomography, Inseismic Tomography: Theory and Practice. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 9-22. Lee W.B., Xu W., 2000. 3-D Geostatistical Velocity Modeling: Salt Imaging in a Geopressured Environment. The Leading Edge, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 32-36.
• Li T., Cai M.F., Cai M., 2007. A Review of Mining-Induced Seismicity in China. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 8, pp. 1149-1171.
• Luo X., King A., De-Werken-Van M., 2008. Sensing Roof Conditions Ahead of a Longwall Mining Using the Shearer as a Seismic Source. Proceedings of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE International, Vol. 4, pp. 17-20.
• Luo X., King A., De-Werken-Van M., 2009. Tomographic Imaging of Rock Conditions Ahead of Mining Using the Shearer as a Seismic Source – A Feasibility Study. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 3671-3678.
• Lurka A., 2008. Location of High Seismic Activity Zones and Seismic Hazard Assessment in Zabrze Bielszowice Coalmine Using Passive Tomography. Journal China University Mining and Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 177-181.
• Lurka A., Swanson P., 2009. Improvements in Seismic Event Locations in a Deep Western U.S. Coal Mine Using Tomographic Velocity Models and an Evolutionary Search Algorithm. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 5, pp. 599-603.
• Luxbacher K., Westman E., Swanson P., 2008a. Time-Lapse Tomography of a Longwall Panel: A Comparison of Location Schemes. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining, Morgantown, West Virginia University, pp. 217-225.
• Luxbacher K., Westman E., Swanson P., Karfakis M., 2008b. Three-Dimensional Time-Lapse Velocity Tomography of an Underground Longwall Panel. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 45, Issue 4, pp. 478-485.
• Manthei G., 1997. Seismic Tomography on a Pillar in a Potash Mine. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Krakow, Poland, pp. 237-242.
• Marcak H., 2008. Parameters of a Ground Motion Model Induced by Mining Exploitation. Archives of Mining Sciences, Volume 53, No. 3, pp. 335-348.
• Mason I., 1981. Algebraic Reconstruction of a Two-Dimensional Velocity Inhomogeneity in the High Hazles Seam of Thoresby Colliery. Geophysics Journal, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 298-308.
• Maxwell S.C., Young R.P., 1993. A Comparison Between Controlled Source and Passive Source Seismic Velocity Images. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 83, No. 6, pp. 1813-1834.
• Maxwell S.C., Young R.P., 1995. A Controlled In-Situ Investigation of the Relationship between Stress, Velocity and Induced Seismicity. Geophysical Research Journal, Vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 1049-1052.
• Maxwell S.C., Young R.P., 1996. Seismic Imaging of Rock Mass Responses to Excavation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Science, and Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 33, Issue 7, pp. 713-724.
• Meglis I.L., Chow T., Martin C.D., Young R.P., 2004. Assessing in Situ Microcrack Damage Using Ultrasonic Velocity Tomography. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 25-34.
• Menke W., 1987. Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory; 2nd edition. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• Mitra R., Westman E.C., 2009. Investigation of the Stress Imaging in Rock Samples Using Numerical Modeling and Laboratory Tomography. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 517-525.
• MSHA, (2010), Data retrieval system, <http://www.msha.gov/drs/drshome.htm>;[accessed 07.24.10].
• Nakagawa S., Nihei K.T., Myer L.R., 2000. Shear-Induced Conversion of Seismic Waves Across Single Fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 37, Issues 1-2, pp. 203-218.
• Nolet G., 2008. A Breviary of Seismic Tomography. Cambridge University Press, UK.
• Nur A., Simmons G., 1969. Stress-Induced Velocity Anisotropy in Rock: An Experimental Study. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 74, Issue 27, pp. 6667-6674.
• Obert L., 1941. Use of Subaudible Noises for the Prediction of Rock Bursts. RI 3555, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.
• Obert L., Duvall W.I., 1967. Rock Mechanics and the Design of Structures in Rock. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Peng S.S., 2006. Longwall Mining, 2nd edition. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME). Peng S.S., 2008. Coal Mine Ground Control, 3rd edition. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME).
• Prugger A., Gendzwill D., 1993. Fracture Mechanism of Microseisms in Saskatchewan Potash Mines. Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, R. Young, AA Balkema, pp. 239-244.
• Santamarina J.C., Fratta D., 2005. Discrete Signals and Inverse Problem: An Introduction for Engineers and Scientists. New York, Wiley.
• Scott D., Girard J., Williams T., Denton D., 1999. Comparison of Seismic Velocity Tomography, Strain Relief, and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements to Evaluate Stress in an Underground Pillar. Proceedings of Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME) Annual Meeting Denver, pp. 99-155.
• Scott T.E., Ma Q., Roegiers J.-C., 1994. Dynamic Stress Mapping Utilizing Ultrasonic Tomography. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 1st North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Austin, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 427-434.
• Scott D.F., Willams T.J., Friedel M.J., 1997. Investigation of a Rockburst Site, Sunshine Mine, Kellogg, Idaho. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Krakow, Poland, pp. 311-315
• Scott D.F., Williams T.J., Tesarik D., Denton D.K., Knoll S.J., Jordan J., 2004. Geophysical Methods to Detect Stress in Underground Mines”, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-133, Report of Investigations 9661, pp. 1-18.
• Swanson P., Estey L., Boler F., Billington S., 1992. Accuracy and Precision of Microseismic Event Locations in Rock Burst Research Studies”, Report of investigations (U.S. Bureau of Mines) No. 9395, NIOSH.
• Tarantola A., 1987. Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
• Watanabe T., Matsuoka T., Ashida Y., 1999. Seismic Travel-time Tomography Using Fresnel Volume Approach. Proceedings of the 69th SEG Annual Meeting, Houston.
• Watanabe T., Sassa K., 1996. Seismic Attenuation Tomography and Its Application to Rock Mass Evaluation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 33, Issue 5, pp. 467-477.
• Westman E.C., Harmay K.Y., Rock A.D., 1996. Seismic Tomography for Longwall Stress Analysis. Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Montreal, Rotterdam, Balkema, pp. 397-403.
• Westman E.C., Luxbacher K.D., Swanson P.L., 2008. Local Earthquake Tomography for Imaging Mining-Induced Changes Within the Overburden above a Longwall Mine. Proceedings of ARMA 08-299, 42nd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 2nd U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, San Francisco, California, pp. 1-7.
• Wong I.G., Humphrey J.R., Adams J.A., Silva W.J., 1989. Observations of Mine Seismicity in the Eastern Wasatch Plateau, Utah, USA: A Possible Case of Implosional Failure. Pageoph, Köln, Elsevier, Vol. 128, No. 16, pp. 369-405.
• Wright C., Walls E., Carneiro D.D.J., 2000. The Seismic Velocity Distribution in the Vicinity of a Mine Tunnel at Thabazimbi, South Africa. Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 4, pp. 369-382.
• Young R.P., Maxwell S.C., 1992. Seismic Characterization of a Highly Stressed Rock Mass Using Tomographic Imaging and Induced Seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, No. B9, PP. 12361-12373.
• Zuo J.-P., Peng S.-P., Li Y.-J., Chen Z.-H., Xie H.-P., 2009. Investigation of Karst Collapse Based on 3-D Seismic Technique and DDA Method at Xieqiao Coalmine, China. International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 78, Issue 4, pp. 276-287.