An Overview of Sustainable Mining Practices for Ecological Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands in the Rovinari Mining Basin (Romania). Case Study: North Peșteana Interior Dump

• Autorzy: Apostu Izabela-Maria , Lazar Maria , Faur Florin , Traista Eugen

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29227/IM-2024-01-114

Warianty tytułu

PL

Przegląd zrównoważonych praktyk górniczych w zakresie ekologicznej rekultywacji obszarów zdegradowanych terenów górniczych w Zagłębiu Górniczym Rovinari (Rumunia). Studium przypadku: wewnętrzne składowisko w Północnej Peșteanie

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Open-pit mining, regardless of the nature of deposit and the exploitation type (continuous or discontinuous), produces long-term negative effects on the environment. The immediately visible effects are related to the changes in the morphological configuration and the landscape: the disappearance of the plant cover and topsoil on the entire surface of the mining perimeter, the development of deep open-pits, the appearance of waste dumps, the construction of premises and technological roads, etc. The uncovering of a deposit is carried out by removing the vegetation and excavating the soil, followed by the excavation of the sterile material from the deposit's roof, and is a destructive action with consequences for the local habitat and fauna on long term and sometimes, unfortunately, the effects can be hardly reversible or even irreversible. The environmental component that suffers the most as a result of mining is the soil and with it the entire ecosystem in the area. Soil is a resource that is very difficult to regenerate. Natural soil formation takes a long time, tens and hundreds of years. Therefore, it is important to find and apply solutions to maintain or improve its quality whenever possible or to support the pedogenesis process by applying sustainable practices in order to accelerate it. Some of these practices can be applied even during mining activities. The purpose of this research is to find and recommend the best solutions that can be applied in different stages of the lifecycle of a mine and which, applied together, have a synergistic role and a remarkable effect on the pedogenesis process and on its duration. That is why it is very important to design the mining activity from opening to closing, taking into account the decommissioning of buildings, the rehabilitation and revegetation of degraded lands for the subsequent inclusion in the landscape and the resumption of its functions.

PL

Górnictwo odkrywkowe, niezależnie od charakteru złoża i rodzaju eksploatacji (ciągła lub nieciągła), powoduje długotrwałe negatywne skutki dla środowiska. Natychmiast widoczne efekty są związane ze zmianami morfologii i krajobrazu: zanik szaty roślinnej i wierzchniej warstwy gleby na całej powierzchni wyrobiska, rozwój głębokich odkrywek, pojawienie się składowisk odpadów, budowa obiektów, dróg technologicznych itp. Prowadzone jest odsłanianie złoża poprzez usunięcie roślinności i usunięcie gleby, a następnie wydobycie materiału ze stropu złoża, jest to działanie destrukcyjne mające negatywne konsekwencje dla środowiska w tym lokalnych siedlisk fauny. W dłuż-szej perspektywie, skutki mogą być trudno odwracalne lub nieodwracalne. Elementem środowiska, który ucierpi najbardziej górnictwa jest gleba, a wraz z nią cały ekosystem na tym obszarze. Gleba jest zasobem, który jest bardzo trudny do regeneracji. Naturalne tworzenie się gleby zajmuje dużo czasu, dziesiątki i setki lat. Dlatego ważne jest znalezienie i zastosowanie rozwiązań pozwalających na utrzymanie lub poprawę jego jakości gleby, wspieranie procesu pedogenezy poprzez stosowanie zrównoważonych praktyk. Niektóre z tych praktyk można stosować już podczas działalności wydobywczej. Celem przedstawionych badań jest znalezienie i zarekomendowanie najlepszych rozwiązań możliwych do zastosowania różnych etapach cyklu życia kopalni, które stosowane łącznie pełnią rolę synergistyczną oraz niezwykły wpływ na proces pedogenezy i czas jego trwania. Dlatego bardzo ważne jest zaprojektowanie działalności wydobywczej od otwarcia do zamknięcia, biorąc pod uwagę likwidację budynków, rekultywację i ponowne zazielenienie terenów zdegradowanych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

degraded lands; sustainable mining; sustainable practices; anthropogenic soil; pedogenesis; industrial ecology

PL

tereny zdegradowane; zrównoważone górnictwo; zrównoważone praktyki; gleba antropogeniczna; pedogeneza; ekologia przemysłowa

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Mineralna
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 2, no. 1
• Strony: 235--245
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz, rys., tab., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Apostu Izabela-Maria

• University of Petroșani, Faculty of Mining, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-6148

autor

Lazar Maria

• University of Petroșani, Faculty of Mining, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2149-6415

autor

Faur Florin

• University of Petroșani, Faculty of Mining, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology;

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0880-0913

autor

Traista Eugen

• University of Petroșani, Faculty of Mining, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology;

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6680-5299

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).