Porównanie struktur i parametrów obiegów nadkrytycznych z dwutlenkiem węgla jako czynnikiem roboczym

• Autorzy: Wołowicz M. , Milewski J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Comparison of the structures and parameters of the systems with supercritical CO2 as a working fluid

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Dwutlenek węgla o parametrach nadkrytycznych jest płynnym stanem dwutlenku węgla, który utrzymywany jest powyżej jego punktu krytycznego (to jest krytycznego ciśnienia i temperatury). Gęstość w tym punkcie jest podobna do gęstości cieczy i pozwala znacznie zmniejszyć moc pompowania, zwiększając sprawność konwersji energii cieplnej na elek-tryczną. W latach sześćdziesiątych badano różne właściwości gazów w celu znalezienia najbardziej odpowiedniego dla zastosowań w nadkrytycznych obiegach termodynamicznych. Dwutlenek węgla został zaproponowany jako czynnik roboczy z kilku powodów. Po pierwsze, jego właściwości fizyczne pozwalają na niższe ciśnienia robocze. Po drugie właściwości termodynamiczne są dobrze znane. Dwutlenek węgla jest nietoksyczny i jest stosunkowo tani. Ponadto wymagany jest mniejszy rozmiar maszyn i urządzeń w porównaniu z układem parowym co zmniejsza koszty inwestycyjne. Artykuł prezentuje porównanie struktur i parametrów układów z nadkrytycznym dwutlenkiem węgla oraz postęp w ich rozwoju.

EN

Supercritical CO2 is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held above its critical point (i.e., critical pressure and temperature). The density at that point is similar to that of a liquid and allows for the pumping power needed in a compressor to be significantly reduced, thus significantly increasing the thermal-to-electric energy conversion efficiency. In the 1960s were studied various gases properties for a purpose of finding the most suitable one for a supercritical thermodynamic cycle. Carbon dioxide was proposed as a working fluid due to several reasons. First, its physical properties allows lower operating pressures. Then, CO2 thermodynamic properties are well known. Finally, carbon dioxide is non-toxic and has relatively low cost. Also, smaller size of equipment relative to steam system reduce capital cost. The paper presents comparison of the structures and parameters of the systems with supercritical CO2 and history of its development.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

dwutlenek węgla; obiegi nadkrytyczne

EN

carbon dioxide; supercritical cycle

• Wydawca: KAPRINT
• Czasopismo: Rynek Energii
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Nr 2
• Strony: 49--54
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Wołowicz M.

• Instytut Techniki Cieplnej Politechniki Warszawskiej

autor

Milewski J.

• Instytut Techniki Cieplnej Politechniki Warszawskiej

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).