Minimal Energy Dissipation Rate and Director Orientation Relative to External Dissipative Fields such as Temperature and Velocity Gradients in Nematic and Cholestric Liquid Crystals

• Autorzy: Sarman S. , Wang Y-L. , Laaksonen A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12921/cmst.2016.0000066

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The purpose of this review article is to summarize observations accumulated over the years on director alignment phenomena in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals by molecular dynamics simulation of molecular model systems and by experiment on real systems. The main focus is on the alignment angle between the director and external dissipative fields such as velocity gradients in various flow geometries and temperature gradients doing irreversible work on the system. A general observation is that the director attains an orientation relative to the field where the energy dissipation rate is minimal in the steady state. In the case of planar elongational flow, it can be proven by using symmetry arguments that the energy dissipation rate must be either maximal or minimal and simulations have shown that is minimal. In planar Couette flow both simulations and experiments imply that the energy dissipation rate is minimal in the steady state. Finally, in the case of heat conduction, symmetry arguments imply that the energy dissipation rate must be either minimal or maximal and simulations and experiments indicate that it is minimal. All these observations can be explained by applying a recently proven theorem according to which the energy dissipation rate is minimal in the steady state in the linear regime at low fields.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

alignment phenomena; elongational flow; heat conduction; liquid crystals; minimal energy dissipation rate; nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation; shear flow

• Wydawca: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Scientific Publishers OWN, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Computational Methods in Science and Technology
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 23, No. 3
• Strony: 239--250
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Sarman S.

• Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

autor

Wang Y-L.

• Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

autor

Laaksonen A.

• Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

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Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).