Assessment of the Impact of Military Actions on the Soil Cover at the Explosion Site by the Nemerov Method and the Pearson Coefficient Case Study of the City of Lviv

• Autorzy: Petrushka Kateryna , Petrushka Ihor , Yukhman Yaryna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/170078

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The military actions of the Russian Federation’s aggression in Ukraine cause irreparable damage to the soil cover, realizing that its natural restoration will take decades. However, missile attacks on residential areas bring no less damage and trouble to Ukraine. The main goal of the conducted research was to determine the content of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the soil at the site of the explosion and on its surface. Soil sampling was carried out at the explosion sites of the city of Lviv using the method of concentric circles. The soil research area is 30–50 m² (depending on the type of cruise missile), which allows assessing the distribution of PTE relative to the depth of the crater and on its surface. The soil samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analyzer Expert-3L. The main studied elements were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The pollution index (Pi) was estimated using the Nemerov method. The degree of soil pollution was assessed by the ecological risk factor (Er), and the potential ecological risk index (Ri). Using the Pearson correlation index (PCI), their number and the possibility of distribution of heavy metals (HM) in the soil were determined. Similarity between levels of heavy metal concentrations was determined using cluster analysis (CA). The values of the environmental risk index of each element based on the Nemerov index show a very high level of pollution (Ps=48.64), exceeding the permissible value of Ps>3 by 15 times. The highest environmental risk factor (Er) is created by cadmium (Cd). The investigated elements concerning the environmental risk factor can be arranged in the following sequence: Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr>Ti. Considering the minimum values of potential environmental risk (RI), only two elements have a low coefficient of potential environmental risk (RI<40)—titanium and chromium. All other investigated elements have significant and very high environmental risk potential.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

soil; heavy metals; HM; migration; environmental risk; Nemerov index

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 24, nr 10
• Strony: 77--85
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Petrushka Kateryna

• Department of Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7905-759X

autor

Petrushka Ihor

• Department of Ecological Safety and Nature Protection Activity, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-4196

autor

Yukhman Yaryna

• Department of Business Economics and Investment, Institute of Economics and Management, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-731X

Bibliografia

• 1. Abdul Hameed M. J. Al Obaidy, Athmar A. M. Al Mashhadi. 2013. Heavy Metal Contaminations in Urban Soil within Baghdad City, Iraq. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(1), 72-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.41008
• 2. Al-Adili A.S. 1998. Geotechnical Evaluation of Baghdad Soil Subsidence and Their Treatments. Thesis, University of Baghdad
• 3. Adriano D.C. 2001. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metals, 2nd Edition.
• 4. Boszke L., Kowalski A. 2006. Spatial Distribution of Mercury in Bottom Sediments and Soils from Poznań, Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(2), 211.
• 5. Buda A., Jarynowski A. 2010. Life-time of correlations and its applications, 1, 5-21. Wydawnictwo Niezalezne.
• 6. Blaga A.B., Zagorodniuk I.V., Korotkyi T.R. 2017. On the verge of implementation: destruction of the environment during the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Ukrainian Helsinki Union for Human Rights. K.: KIT
• 7. Chakraborty R., Zaman S., Mukhopadhyay N., Banerjee K., Mitra, A. 2009. Seasonal Variation of Zn, Cu and Pb in the Estuarine Stretch of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 38(1), 104-109.
• 8. Cheng J.L., Shi Z., Zhu Y.W. 2007. Assessment and Mapping of Environmental Quality in Agricultural Soils of Zhejiang Province, China. Environmental Sciences, 19, 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60008-4
• 9. Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.)
• 10. Davydova S. 2005. Heavy Metals as Toxicants in Big Cities. Microchemical Journal, 79, 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2004.06.010
• 11. Dolan L.M.J., Van Bohemen H., Whelan P., Akbar K.F., Malley V.O., Leary G.O., Keizer P.J. 2006. Towards the Sustainable Development of Modern Road Ecosystem. The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment, 275–331.
• 12. Hakanson L. 1980. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control: A Sedimentological Approach. Water Research, 14, 975-1001.
• 13. Hu J.L., Wu F.Y, Wu S.C., Sun X.L., Lin X.G.,Wong M.H. 2013. Phytoavailability and Phytovariety Codetermine the Bioaccumulation Risk of Heavy Metal from Soils, Focusing on Cd-Contaminated Vegetable Farms around the Pearl River Delta, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 91, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.001
• 14. Imevbore A., Adeyemi S.A. 1981. Environmental Monitoring in Relation to Pollution and Control of Oil Pollution. Inc. Proc. Seminar on the petroleum industry and the Nigerian environment, 6, 135-142.
• 15. Jankiewicz B., Ptaszyński B. 2005. Determination of Chromium in Soil of Łodź Gardens. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14(6), 869.
• 16. Liang J., Chen C., Song X., Han Y., Liand, Z. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil and plant from Dunhua sewage irrigation area. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6, 5314-5324.
• 17. Lee C.S., Li X., Shi W., Cheung S.C., Thornton I. 2006. Metal Contamination in Urban, Suburban, and Country Park Soils of Hong Kong: A Study Based on GIS and Multivariate Statistics. Science of the Total Environment, 356, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.024
• 18. Kabata-Pendias A., Pendias H. 2001. Trace Element in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, London.
• 19. Onder S., Dursun S., Geyzgin S., Demirbas A. 2007. Determination of heavy metal pollution in grass and soil of city centre green areas (Konya, Turkey). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(1), 145-154.
• 20. OSCE. 2017. Assessment of environmental damage and priorities of environmental restorationin the East of Ukraine. К.: ВАІТЕ.
• 21. Page A.L., Miller R.H., Keeney, D. R. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, 2nd Edition, Agron. Monogr. ASA and SSSA, Madison
• 22. Qu J., Yuan V., Wang X., Shao P., Cong, Q. 2004. Distribution of heavy metals, chemical fractions and ecological risks around a molybdenum mine in Liaoning Province, China. Vitamins and Trace Elements, 1(3), 1-6.
• 23. Qingjie G., Jun D., Yunchuan X., Qingfei W., Liqiang, Y. 2008. Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemisty Assessment and A Case Study in Parks of Beijing. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19(3), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0705(08)60042-4
• 24. Qiu H. 2010. Studies on the Potential Risk and Homology Correlation of Heavy Metal in the Surface Soil. Agricultural Science, 2(2), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n2p194
• 25. Riley J.P., Chester, R. 1971. Introduction to Marine Chemistry. Academic Press, London.
• 26. Riyad Al-Anbari, Abdul Hameed M.J. Al Obaidy, Fatima H. Abd Ali. 2015. Pollution loads and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the urban soil affected by various anthropogenic activities. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(2), 104-110.
• 27. Smith D.G. 1986. Heavy Metals in the New Zealand Aquatic Environment: A Review. Water Quality Centre, Ministry of Works and Development, Wellington, New Zealand.
• 28. WHO. 2001. Environmental Health Criteria 221. Zinc, WHO, Geneva.