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The Cold Gas War : the Strategies of Russia and the USA in Europe

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The main purpose of this article is to analyse the European situation in the field of natural gas supply. The article mainly focuses on the energy behaviour of two countries: Russia and the United States of America. Different countries but with similar purposes, as they both aim to limit the power of control of the other in the old continent, using natural gas (Russia) and LNG (USA) as a weapon. This document, in order to arrive at describing the current situation of the "cold gas war", starts from an historical excursus of how and when the two energy powers began to impose themselves on the world level until today, the current "clash" for the search of dominance over Europe. For the writing of this article, since these are very topical topics, several articles from organizations and journals (e.g. The Economist"), specialized in energy and also geopolitics, have been used. The use of papers from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, was also of fundamental importance in achieving the aim of the article.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
natural gas   LNG   USA   Russia  
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
56--69
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 36 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • student of Political Economy at “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Faculty of Economics
Bibliografia
  • 1. Austvik, O.G. “The EU Energy Union, Energy Security and Russian Gas.” Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government, 2015.
  • 2. Barlaam, R. L’America vuole esportare il 50% di gas in più in Europa. 9 Luglio 2019. https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/l-america-vuole-esportare-50percento-gas-piu-europa-ACOPsaX.
  • 3. Bessi, G. House of zar. Geopolitica ed energia ai tempi di Putin e Trump. 2019.
  • 4. —. Vi spiego la guerra fredda del gas tra Stati Uniti e Russia. 15 Febbraio 2018. https://www.startmag.it/energia/guerra-gas-stati-uniti-russia/.
  • 5. Bohi, D., Michael A. Toman, Margaret A. Walls. The Economics of Energy Security. Boston, 1996.
  • 6. Cornot-Gandolphe, S. “The US natural gas exports. New rules on the European gas landscape.” Ifri, 2016.
  • 7. Dell'Olmo, G. Geopolitica del gas naturale: la nuova frontiera dello scontro Russia-Usa. 23 Maggio 2019. https://it.insideover.com/politica/geopolitica-gas-naturale-russia-stati-uniti. html.
  • 8. Department of Energy & Climate Change. Energy Markets Outlook. London: The Stationery Office, 2009.
  • 9. Ercoli, A. La responsabilità dell’UE verso la geopolitica energetica della Russia. 10 Marzo 2019. https://www.geopolitica.info/tag/geopolitica-del-gas/.
  • 10. Grigas, A. The New Geopolitics Of Natural Gas. Londra, 2017.
  • 11. Hogselius, P. Red Gas: Russia and the Origins of European Energy Dependence. New York: Palgrave macmillan, 2013.
  • 12. IEA and KEEI. “LNG Market Trends and their implications.” 2019.
  • 13. International Energy Agency. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future. 2001.
  • 14. Jun, E., Wonjoon K., Heung Chang S. “The Analysis of Security Cost for Different Energy Sources.” Applied Energy, 2008.
  • 15. Le Coq, C., Paltseva E. “Measuring the Security of External Energy Supply in the European Union.” Energy Policy, 2009.
  • 16. Lefèvre, N. “Measuring the Energy Security Implications of Fossil Fuel Resource Concentration.” Energy Policy, 2009.
  • 17. Lieb-Dóczy, E, Achim-Rüdiger B., MacKerron G. “Who Secures the Security of Supply? European Prospectives on Security, Competition and Liability?” The Electricity Journal, 2003.
  • 18. Melchiorre, E. La Politica Energetica russa. Maggio 2006. https://economia.tesionline.it/economia/article.jsp?id=883.
  • 19. Molnar, G., Arno B., Christian E., and Genovese F. “Europe's LNG Strategy in the Wider EU Gas Market.” CEPS Policy Brief, 2015.
  • 20. Muratore, A. Las Guerra fredda del gas. 12 Settembre 2019. http://osservatorioglobalizzazione.it/osservatorio/la-guerra-fredda-del-gas/.
  • 21. Noel, P., Sachi F. Gas Supply Security in the Baltic States: A Qualitative Assessment. 2010.
  • 22. Patterson, W. Managing Energy Wrong. 2008.
  • 23. Pustišek, A., and Michael K. Natural Gas: A Commercial Perspective. Stuttgart: Springer, 2017.
  • 24. Ruszel, M. “Natural gas supplies as an instrument of geopolitical conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine.” Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal, 2019.
  • 25. Scheepers, M., A.J. Seebregts, J.J. de Jong, J.M. Maters. “EU Standards for Security of Supply.” Energy Research Center at the Netherlands, 2007.
  • 26. Smolinova, E. Russia: La diplomazia del gas. Pisa: Unoversità degli studi di Pisa, 2014.
  • 27. Soldatkin, V. Record Russian gas sales to Europe help Gazprom. 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gazprom-results/record-russian-gas-sales-to-europe-help-gazprom-profits-double-idUSKCN1S51DU.
  • 28. T. Klare, M. Resource Wars: The New Landescape of Global Conflict. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 2002.
  • 29. The Economist. The Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline is a Russian trap. 19 Febbraio 2019. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/02/16/the-nord-stream-2-gas-pipeline-is-a-russian-trap.
  • 30. Why America struggles to sell LNG in Europe. 16 Novembre 2018. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/11/16/why-america-struggles-to-sell-lng-in-europe.
  • 31. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. “Russian LNG: Becoming a Global Force.” The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2019.
  • 32. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. “Russia-Ukraine gas transit talks: risks for all sides.” The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2019.
  • 33. Vicini, G., Francesco G., Anil M., Valeria C. “Security of Energy Supply: Comparing Scenarios from a European Prospective.” SSRN eLibrary, 2005.
  • 34. Vita, L. La nuova guerra fredda che spacca l'Europa. 13 Novembre 2019. https://it.insideover.com/politica/la-nuova-guerra-fredda-che-spacca-leuropa.html.
  • 35. Winzer, C. Conceptualizing Energy Security. 2011.
  • 36. Wright, P. “Liberalisation and the Security of Gas Supply in the UK.” Energy Policy, 2005.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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