Investigations of the structure and hardness of dissimilar steel-to-aluminum joints made using laser welding technology

• Autorzy: Misiura Karolina , Konieczny Jarosław , Labisz Krzysztof , Boris Renata

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.20858/tp.2022.17.1.07

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Since welding technology is currently used to assemble the frame of driver’s seats, it is important to develop laser welding technology for steel and aluminium. For this reason, the purpose of the present work was to examine the structure and selected properties of aluminium-steel joints using the example of an EN AW-6060 aluminium alloy and DC04 low-alloy steel welded in laser technology. Overlapping joints were made, weld type -following the hole laser welding method -laser beam (LB) using a high power disk laser (TRUMPF TruDisk3302), in which the active medium is a yttrium-aluminium crystal (YAG). Metallographic microstructure investigations were carried out using a light microscope from Carl Zeiss - Observer Z1m, and the weld microstructures were investigated using an SEM Supra 35 microscope, also from Carl Zeiss. The chemical composition analysis in micro-areas was carried out using an X-ray energy dispersion spectrometer from EDAX, which was a part of the SEM Supra 35. The hardness of the substrate material and the welded area was measured following the Vickers method using an FM-ARS 9000 micro hardness tester from Tokyo, Japan. It was found that there is a potential for commercial use of laser welding to make a low-carbon steel-aluminium alloy joint. During the formation of the weld in its microstructure, intermetallic compounds of the FexAly type were created, which significantly reduced the mechanical and plastic properties of the joint. The hardness of the weld created wasabout seven times higher than that of DC04 carbon steel. The choice of laser welding parameters (primarily, laser power and beam speed) significantly impacted the weld structure and properties.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

aluminium alloy; non-alloy steel; laser welding; microstructure; structure

PL

stop aluminium; stal niestopowa; spawanie laserowe; mikrostruktura; struktura

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Transport Problems
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: T. 17, z. 1
• Strony: 73--86
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 23 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Misiura Karolina

• Silesian University of Technology; Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-2225

autor

Konieczny Jarosław

• Silesian University of Technology; Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-5187

autor

Labisz Krzysztof

• Silesian University of Technology; Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-830X

autor

Boris Renata

• Vilnius Gediminas Technical University; Linkmenų str. 28, Vilnius 08217, Lithuania

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-955X

Bibliografia

• 1. Kale, H.N. & Dhamejani, C.L. Design parameters of driver seat in an automobile. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. 2015. Vol. 4(6). P. 448-452.
• 2. Steinwall, J. & Viippola, P. Concept Development of a Lightweight Driver’s Seat Structure & Adjustment System. Department of Product and Production Development. Chalmers University of Technology. Gothenburg, Sweden. 2014.
• 3. Meszler, D. & German, J. & Mock, P. & Bandivadekar, A. Summary of mass reduction impacts on EU cost curves. Working Paper 2013-1. 2013. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT).
• 4. Audi MediaCenter. Leightweight Construction. Available at: https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/photos/album/leightweight-construction-240.
• 5. Kciuk, M. & Kurc, A. & Szewczenko, J. Structure and corrosion resistance of aluminium AlMg2.5; AlMg5Mn and AlZn5Mg1 alloys. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 2010. Vol. 41(1-2). P. 74-81.
• 6. Labisz, K. & Konieczny, J. & Wierzbicki, Ł. & Ćwiek, J. & Butor, J. Influence of primary silicon precipitates on anodized aluminum alloys surface layer properties. Transport Problems. 2018. Vol. 13(2). P. 111-120.
• 7. PN-EN 10130:2009. Cold-rolled flat products made of low-carbon steels for cold forming. Technical delivery conditions.
• 8. PN-EN 573-3:2009. Aluminum and aluminum alloys. Chemical composition and types of plastically processed products. Part 3: Chemical composition and types of products.
• 9. PN-EN ISO 6947:1999. Welding and related processes - Welding positions.
• 10. Banasik, M. & Stano, S. Lasery dyskowe - źródło ciepła dla procesów spawalniczych. [In Polish: Disc lasers - a source of heat for welding processes]. Przegląd Spawalnictwa. 2011. Vol. 1. P. 17-21.
• 11. Karcz, K. & Konieczny, J. & Labisz, K. & Gołombek, K. & Janicki, D. Dissimilar steel-to-aluminum joint structure made in laser welding technology. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2019. Vol. 135(2). P. 187-192.
• 12. Silva, M.S. & Barbosa, C. & Acselrad, O. & Pereira, L.C. Effect of chemical composition variation on microstructure and mechanical properties of a 6060 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2004. Vol. 13(2). P. 129-134.
• 13. Liu, B. & Yang, Q. & Wang, Y. Interaction and intermetallic phase formation between aluminum and stainless steel. Results in Physics. 2019. Vol. 12. P. 514-524.
• 14. Yang, J. & Li, Yu-L. & Zhang, H. Microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded Al/steel dissimilar joint. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2016. Vol. 26. P. 994-1002.
• 15. Mathieu, A. & Pontevicci S. Laser brazing of a steel/ aluminium assembly with hot filler wire (88% Al, 12% Si). Materials Science and Engineering A. 2006. Vol. 435-436. P. 19-28.
• 16. Yin, F-Ch. & Zhao, M-X. & Liu, Y-X. & Han, W. & Li, Z. Effect of Si on growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds during reaction between solid iron and molten aluminum. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2013. Vol. 23. P. 556-561.
• 17. Mecoa, S. & Pardala, G. & Gangulya, S. & Williamsa, S. & McPherson, N. Application of laser in seam welding of dissimilar steel to aluminium joints for thick structural components. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2015. Vol. 67. P. 22-30.
• 18. Bruckner, J. Der Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) - Prozess von Stahl/Alu Verbindungen und seine Moglichkeiten. [In German: The Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process of steel/aluminium connections and its possibilities]. Schweiss und Pruftechnik. 2005. No. 10. P. 147-149.
• 19. Wang, D. & Wang, H. & Cui, H. & He, G. Enhancement of the laser welded AA6061-carbon steel joints by usingAl5Si intermediate layer. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2016. Vol. 237. P. 277-285.
• 20. Atabaki, M.M. & Nikodinovski, M. & Chenier, P. & Ma, J. & Harooni, M. & Kovacevic, R. Welding of Aluminum Alloys to Steels: An Overview. J. Manuf. Sci. Prod. 2014. Vol. 14(2). P. 59-78.
• 21. Yeremenko, V.N. & Natanzon, Y.V. & Dybkov, V.I. The effect of dissolution on the growth of the Fe 2 Al 5 interlayer in the solid iron-liquid aluminium system. Journal of Mater Sci. 1981. Vol. 16(7). P. 1748-1756.
• 22. Wagner, C. The evaluation of data obtained with diffusion couples of binary single phase and multiphase systems. Acta Metall. 1969. Vol. 17(2). P. 99-107.
• 23. Meco, S. & Cozzolino, L. & Ganguly, S. & Williams, S. & McPherson, N. Laser welding of steel to aluminium: Thermal modelling and joint strength analysis. Journal of Materials Processing Tech. 2017. Vol. 247. P. 121-133.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).