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The paper has been presented the methods of nitrogen oxides emission reduction to fulfill the Tier 2 and Tier 3 requirements of the Annex VI of MARPOL Convention. It has been shown the development of marine two-stroke diesel engines and the change of nitrogen oxides emission from 1960 to 2000 and later up to 2020 after the implementation of NOx emission reduction methods. Specific fuel consumption before 2000, and as a prediction and given data in the manufacturers manuals for Tier 3 engines up to 2020, and as only a prediction up to 2030 has been analyzed and elaborated. Impact of nitrogen oxides reduction methods on the specific fuel consumption of the marine diesel engine has been evaluated. Additional emission of some gases to the atmosphere due to the implementation of reduction methods has been determined. EGR and SCR systems have got a lot of imperfections: required to install additional reduction systems (investment cost, required volume in the engine room), need maintenance and operation costs, produced wastes during treatment process. The estimated additional cost is about 0.8 USD/MWh of produced energy, taking into account only the cost of excessive used fuel. The whole increased cost may reach the level two-three times more due to cleaning systems investment costs, their operational cost and waste disposal. It has been the one of the reasons of worsening the transport effectiveness and competitiveness.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
279--289
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Bibliografia
- ABS (2015), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emission Compliance Inside Emission Control Areas (ECAs), ABS, Dec 2015.
- ABS (2017), Guide for exhaust emission abatement, American Bureau of Shipping, Jan 2018.
- Chang, C. & Wang, C. (2014). Evaluating the effects of speed reduce for shipping costs and CO2 emission. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 31, 110-115.
- Dieselnet (2021). https://dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/iso8178.php (accessed: 04th January, 2021).
- Directive (2015), 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015, as amended by Delegated Regulation 2016/2071 on monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport, and amended Directive 2009/16/EC.
- Dulebenets, M.A. (2016). Advantages and disadvantages from enforcing emission restrictions within emission control areas. Maritime Business Review 1(2), 107-132.
- Faber, J., et al. (2012). Regulated Slow Steaming in Maritime Transport, An Assessment of Options, Costs and Benefits, Delft.
- Herdzik, J. (2011). Emissions from Marine Engines versus IMO Certification and Requirements of Tier3. Journal of Kones Powertrain and Transport, 18(2), 161-167.
- Herdzik, J. (2019). Problems of Nitrogen Oxides Emission Decreasing from Marine Diesel Engines to Fulfill the Limits of Tier 3, Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 21, 659-671.
- IMO (1997). Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships – Resolution 2, the Technical Code on Control of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Engines (NOx Technical Code). Protocol of 1997 to MARPOL 73/78 – Annex VI.
- IMO (2005). Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto (Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI and the NOx Technical Code). IMO Resolution MEPC.132(53).
- IMO (2008a). Amendment to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto (Revised MARPOL Annex VI), IMO Resolution MEPC.176(58).
- IMO (2008b). Amendments to the Technical Code on Control of Emission Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines (NOx Technical Code, 2008), IMO Resolution MEPC.177(58).
- IMO (2009). Guidelines for Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, IMO Resolution MEPC. 184(59).
- IMO (2015). Guidelines for Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, IMO Resolution MEPC. 259(68).
- IMO (2018). To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission From International Shipping, IMO Action 2018.
- IMO (2019). http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/ AirPollution/Pages/GHG-Emissions.aspx (accessed: 15th March, 2019).
- ISO (2020). Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Exhaust emission measurement – Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissions, ISO 8178-1:2020.
- IMO (2021). https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Nitrogen-oxides- (NOx)-%E2%80%93-Regulation-13.aspx (accessed: 04th January, 2021).
- Lammel, G., Grassl, H. (1995). Greenhouse effect of NOx. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. DOI: 10.1007/BF02987512.
- Lloyd's (2002). Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines. Questions and Answers, Lloyd’s Register of Shipping.
- MAN (2012a). Emission Project Guide, MAN B&W Two-stroke Marine Engines, MAN Diesel & Turbo, Copenhagen, Jun 2013.
- MAN (2012b). Tier III two-stroke technology, MAN Diesel & Turbo, Copenhagen.
- MAN (2014). How to influence CO2, MAN Diesel & Turbo, Copenhagen.
- MAN (2018). Emission Project Guide MAN B&W Two-stroke Marine Engines, MAN Energy Solutions, 9th Edition, Oct 2018.
- MAN (2020a). MAN B&W two-stroke engine operating on ammonia, MAN Energy Solutions, Nov 2020, Denmark.
- MAN (2021). Low-speed engines, 2021, https://www.wingd.com/en/documents/general/ brochures/wingd-low-speed-engines-booklet-2021.pdf (accessed: 24th May, 2021).
- PRS (2020). Przepisy nadzoru konwencyjnego statków morskich, część IX, Ochrona Środowiska. Polish Register of Shipping, Gdańsk (in Polish).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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