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The analysis of friction in the bearing of rocker arms

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Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
EN
Rocker arms are important parts in many valve train systems of combustion engines. They are responsible for translating the profile of the camshaft into motion for opening and closing the inlet and outlet valves. The design, materials and lash adjuster elements for existing rocker arms were discussed. The modified rocker arm bearing was designed for the investigated Benzer 50cc four-stroke engine. The modification for the analysed engine includes the change of bearing for both inlet and outlet rocker arms. The original rocker arm bearing is of the slide type and mates with the axis fixed via the pin to the cylinder head. The modified bearing can be of the needle roller or the slide type and include two bearings mating with the axis, to which the rocker arm is fixed. The aim of the presented study was to obtain the courses of pressure in cylinder against the crankshaft angle, which was needed to calculate the loading force of rocker arm bearing and then friction torque therein. The models of valve train assembly and of the bearing operating under boundary friction were elaborated. Resulted values of the friction torque in rocker arm bearing for different operating conditions of engine were presented in the paper.
Słowa kluczowe
Twórcy
autor
  • Lodz University of Technology Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland tel.: +48 42 6312248, +48 42 6312250, fax: +48 42 6312255
autor
  • Lodz University of Technology Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland tel.: +48 42 6312248, +48 42 6312250, fax: +48 42 6312255
autor
  • Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering Stefanowskiego Street 18/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland tel.: +48 42 6312250, fax: +48 42 6312255
Bibliografia
  • [1] Chung, C.-S., Kim, H.-K., Safety evaluation of the rocker arm of a diesel engine, Mater. Des., Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 940-945, 2010.
  • [2] Crolla, D., Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 23.03.2015 – 4101.
  • [3] Husain, S.M., Sheikh, S., Rocker arm: A review. Int. J. Innovat. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol. Vol. 2, p. 4, 2013.
  • [4] Kano, M., Tanimoto, I., Wear resistance properties of ceramic rocker arm pads, Wear, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp. 153-165, 1991.
  • [5] Khurram, M., Mufti, R.A., Zahid, R., et al., Effect of lubricant chemistry on the performance of end pivoted roller follower valve train, Tribol. Int., Vol. 93, B, pp. 717-722, 2016.
  • [6] Lee, D.W., Cho, S.S., Joo, W.S. An estimation of failure stress condition in rocker arm shaft through FEA and microscopic fractography, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 2056-2061, 2008.
  • [7] Lee, D.W., Lee, S.J., Cho, S.S., et al., Failure of rocker arm shaft for 4-cylinder SOHC engine, Eng. Fail. Anal., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 405-412, 2005.
  • [8] Lubas, J., Practical application of boron-modified sliding pairs in I.C. engine, Tribol. Int., Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 2046-2050. 2010,
  • [9] Makówka, M., Pawlak, W., Konarski, P., Wendler, B., Hydrogen content influence on tribological properties of nc-WC/a-C:H coatings, Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 67, pp. 16-25, 2016.
  • [10] Mushiri, T., Mbohwa, C., Finite element analysis of a car rocker arm, Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Operations Excellence and Service Engineering Orlando, Florida, USA, September 10-11, 2015.
  • [11] NTN Needle Roller Bearing Handbook, CAT. No. 9013/E, http://www.ntn-snr.com/portal/fr/ en-en/file.cfm/NB-HB_en.pdf?contentID=8899 (available in 2016.04.26).
  • [12] Nunney, M.J., Light and heavy vehicle technology. New York: Elsevier, 2013.
  • [13] Palomaki, E., Hoffman, K., Stock Rocker vs. Roller Rocker, New York: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2003.
  • [14] Pick-a-part: Selecting valve train components for a performance build, Engine Builder, February 2014.
  • [15] Rachoor, H., Investigation of Dynamic Friction in Lubricated Surfaces, PhD dissertation, New Jersey’s Science & Technology University, 1996.
  • [16] Stachowiak, G., Batchelor, A., Engineering Tribology, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann 2001.
  • [17] Tuckart, W. Failure analysis of pushrod valve train of stationary diesel engine, International Workshop of Tribology TRIBaires 2013; May 7-9, 2013, pp. 40-41.
  • [18] Valve lash adjustment elements, INA product information. Retrieved from: http://www.wil mink.nl/wilmink/produkt/ina_klepstoter_info.pdf. (available in 2016.04.26).
  • [19] Wang, Y., Introduction to Engine Valvetrains, SAE, Warrandale, PA, 2007.
  • [20] Wituszynski, K., Suboptymalna synteza i analiza rozrządu krzywkowego silników spalinowych, Prace Instytutu Technologii i Eksploatacji Maszyn Politechniki Lubelskiej, Seria A, Nr 17, Lublin,Poland 1984.
  • [21] Yu, Z. W., Xu, X. L. Failure analysis of diesel engine rocker arms, Eng. Fail. Anal., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 598-605, 2006.
  • [22] Zhu, D., Cheng, H. S. Tribological performance of ceramic roller followers/camshaft system in automobile valve, Tribol. Ser., Vol. 18, pp. 149-156, 1991.
  • [23] http://performancetrends.com/Definitions/Rocker-Arms.htm (available in 2016.04.26).
  • [24] http://www.skf.com/group/industry-solutions/two-three-wheelers/applications/engine/valve-actuation/skf-rocker-arm-bearing/index.html (available in 2016.04.26).
  • [25] http://www.skf.com/us/products/bearings-units-housings/ball-bearings/principles/friction/ estimating-frictional-moment/index.html (avail. in 2016.04.26).
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-89c0fd5c-49a2-4171-9139-259c4339e079
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