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Electric Field Prediction for a Human Body-Electric Machine System

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
A system consisting of an electric machine and a human body is studied and the resulting electric field is predicted. A 3-phase induction machine operating at full load is modeled considering its geometry, windings, and materials. A human model is also constructed approximating its geometry and the electric properties of tissues. Using the finite element technique the electric field distribution in the human body is determined for a distance of 1 and 5 m from the machine and its effects are studied. Particularly, electric field potential variations are determined at specific points inside the human body and for these points the electric field intensity is computed and compared to the limit values for exposure according to international standards.
Rocznik
Strony
87--100
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 45 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
Bibliografia
  • 1. Adair RK. Static and low-frequency magnetic field effects: health risks and therapies. Reports on Progress in Physics 2000;63(3):415-54.
  • 2. Bren SPA. Historical introduction to EMF health effects. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 1996;15(4):24-30.
  • 3. Goodman EM, Greenebaum B, Marron MT. Effects of electromagnetic fields on molecules and cells. Int Rev Cytol 1995;158:279-338.
  • 4. Lapin GD. The EMF to BBB (blood-brain barrier) connection. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 1996;15(4):57-60.
  • 5. Peltier LF. A brief historical note on the use of electricity in the treatment of fractures. Clin Orthop 1981;161:4-7.
  • 6. Polk Ch. Electric and magnetic fields for bone repair. In: Polk Ch, Postow E, editors. Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 1996. p. 231-46.
  • 7. Wilson R. Risk assessment of EMF on health. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 1996;15(4):77-86.
  • 8. Suda T, Ueno S. Control of the orientation of human erythrocytes by magnetic and electric fields. J Appl Phys 1999;85(8):5711-13.
  • 9. Bailey WH. Health effects relevant to the setting of EMF exposure limits. Health Phys 2000;83(3):376-86.
  • 10. Goldberg RB. Literature resources for understanding biological effects of EM fields. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 1996;15(4):96-101.
  • 11. Berglund A, Bergdahl J, Hansson Mild K. Influence of low frequency magnetic fields on the intra-oral release of mercury vapor from amalgam restorations. Eur J Oral Sci 1998;106(2, Part 1):671-74.
  • 12. Bohay RN, Bencak J, Kavaliers M, Maclean D. A survey of magnetic fields in the dental operatory. J Can Dent Assoc 1994;60(9):835-40.
  • 13. Bukovicacute D, Jr, Carek V, Durek D, Kuna T, Keros J. Measurement of magnetic field in dentistry. Coll Antropol 2000;24(1):85-9.
  • 14. Giannikakis S, Dimitropoulou E, Ioannidou F, Ioannides MG. Identification of ELF magnetic field as a risk issue in the dental technology laboratory. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing: Agility and Hybrid Automation HAAMAHA 2003, 27-30 May, 2003, Rome, Italy. Siena, Italy: University of Siena; 2003. p. 579-83.
  • 15. Abdallah MA, Mahmoud SA., Anis HI. Interaction of environmental ELF electromagnetic fields with living bodies. Electric Machines and Power Systems 2000;28(4):301-12.
  • 16. Papadopoulos PJ, Ioannides MG, Koutsouris DD. Electric field analysis of a high voltage line-human body system. Innovation et Technologie en Biologie et Médicine 1994;15:494-503.
  • 17. King RWP, Wu TT. The complete electromagnetic field of a three-phase transmission line over the earth and its interaction with the human body. J Appl Phys 1995;78(2):668-83.
  • 18. Pirotte P. Some facts about E and B fields at the power frequencies. Paper presented at the meeting of CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems), Panel 2-05, Paris, France; 1992.
  • 19. Moulder JE. Biological studies of power-frequency fields and carcinogenesis. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 1996;15(4):31-40.
  • 20. Rabinowitz M. Power systems of the future. IEEE Power Engineering Review 2000;20(8):4-9.
  • 21. Daily WK, Dawalibi F. Measurements and computations of electromagnetic fields in electric power substations. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1994;9(1):324-33.
  • 22. Olsen RG, Deno D, Baishiki RS, Abbot JR, Conti R, Frazier M, et al. Magnetic fields from electric power lines: theory and comparison to measurements. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1998;3(4):2127-36.
  • 23. Olsen RG, Backus SL, Stearns RD. Development and validation of software for predicting ELF magnetic fields near power lines. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1995;10(3):1525-34.
  • 24. Sarma Maruvada P, Turgeon A, Goulet DL. Study of population exposure to magnetic fields due to secondary utilization of transmission line corridors. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery 1995;10(3):1541-8.
  • 25. Papadopoulos PJ, Ioannides MG. Prediction and identification of the magnetic field close to electric machines. J Appl Phys 1999;85(8):5720-2.
  • 26. Bauman SB, Wozny DR, Kelly SK, Meno FM. The electrical conductivity of human cerebrospinal fluid at body temperature. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997;44:220-3.
  • 27. Foster KR, Schwan HP. Dielectric properties of tissues and biological materials: a critical review. Critical Review in Biomedical Engineering 1989;17:25-104.
  • 28. Geddes LA, Baker LE. Principles of applied biomedical instrumentation. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley; 1975.
  • 29. Ludt H, Herman HD. In vitro measurement of tissue impedance over a wide frequency range. Biophysics 1973;10:333-42.
  • 30. Peters MJ, Hendriks M, Stinstra JG. The passive DC conductivity of human tissues described by cells in solution. Bioelectrochemistry 2001;53(2):155-60.
  • 31. Roth BJ. The electric properties of tissues. The biomedical engineering handbook. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, IEEE Press; 1995.
  • 32. Schwann HP, Kay CF. The conductivity of living tissues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1957;65:1007-13.
  • 33. Schwann HP, Foster KR. RF field interactions with biological systems, electrical properties and biophysical mechanisms. IEEE Proceedings 1980;68:104-13.
  • 34. Yamamoto T, Yamamoto Y. Non-linear electrical properties of skin in the low frequency range. Med Biol Engineering 1981;19(3):302-10.
  • 35. Foster KR, Schwan HP. Dielectric properties of tissues. Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 1996.
  • 36. Gabriel C, Gabriel S, Corthout E. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2231-49.
  • 37. Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2251-269.
  • 38. Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2271-93.
  • 39. Batra PE, Ioannides MG. Assessment of electric accidents in power industry. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 2002;12(2):151-69.
  • 40. Johnson CR, MacLeod RS, Matheson MA. Computational medicine: bioelectric field problems. IEEE Computer 1993;26(10):59-67.
  • 41. Infolytica. MagNet user’s manual. Abingdon, UK: Infolytica; 1995.
  • 42. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). Human exposure to electromagnetic fields. Low frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz). (European Prestandard No. ENV 50166-1:1995). Brussels, Belgium: CENELEC; 1995.
  • 43. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electromagnetic fields, 0-3 kHz (IEEE Standard No. C95.6-2002); 2002. Retrieved August 14, 2003 from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isNumber=22412
  • 44. Jauchem JR. Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation: cardiovascular effects in humans. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1997;70:9-21.
  • 45. Maddock BJ. Guidelines and standards for exposure to electric and magnetic fields at power frequencies. Paper presented at the meeting of CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems), Panel 2-05, Paris, France; 1992.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-8979b11a-48b2-4adc-b213-e8383b2fb300
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