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In the paper, the effect of welding technology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of girth welded joints was presented. Metallographic examinations based on light microscopy and SEM were conducted on girth welded joints of API X70 steel pipe. Research has shown that microstructure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of MMA girth welded joints is not homogeneous and depends on the thermal history of each area during the welding process. Near the fusion line the zone is coarse, and further away there is a fine-grained zone. In the area of root passes the microstructure consists of recrystallized ferrite grains unlike to cap passes where the fine bainitic microstructure can be observed. In the case of MAG girth welded joints, the weld microstructure consists of primary austenite grains. The primary austenite boundaries serve as nucleation sites of ferrite. The microstructure of the HAZ varies continuously from a coarse - to fine-grained microstructure of the base material. The results of mechanical properties of girth welded joints are also presented. The hardness and strength of arc welded joints depend on welding filler materials as well as welding technology. The results of hardness distribution of MMA and MAG girth welded joints confirmed the results of microstructural evaluation.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
179--196
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 47 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Lukasiewicz – Institute of Welding, Bl. Czesława Str. 16‑18, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Czarnowiejska Str. 66, 30‑054 Kraków, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Czarnowiejska Str. 66, 30‑054 Kraków, Poland
autor
- Lukasiewicz – Institute of Welding, Bl. Czesława Str. 16‑18, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Lukasiewicz – Institute of Welding, Bl. Czesława Str. 16‑18, 44‑100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Department EEMMeCS, Soete Laboratory, Universiteit Gent, Technologiepark‑Zwijnaarde 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
autor
- Department EEMMeCS, Soete Laboratory, Universiteit Gent, Technologiepark‑Zwijnaarde 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
Bibliografia
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- [5] Weertman JR. Hall–Petch strengthening in nanocrystalline metals. Mater Sci Eng A. 1993;166:161–7.
- [6] Li Ch, Wang Y, et al. Microstructure and toughness of coarse grain heat affected zone of domestic X70 pipeline steel during in-service welding. J Mater Sci. 2011;46:727–33.
- [7] Shin SJ, Hwang B, et al. Correlation of microstructure and charpy impact properties in API X70 and X80 line-pipe steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2007;458:281–9.
- [8] Sohn SS, Han SY, et al. Effects of microstructure and pipe forming strain on yield strength before and after spiral pipe forming of API X70 and X80 linepipe steel sheets. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013;573:18–26.
- [9] Wang J, Atrens A. Microstructure and grain boundary microanalysis of X70 pipeline steel. J Mater Sci. 2003;38:323–30.
- [10] Ghomashchi R, Costin W, Kurji R. Evolution of weld metal microstructure in shielded metal arc welding of X70 HSLA steel with cellulosic electrodes: a case study. Mater Charact. 2015;107:317–26.
- [11] Beidokhti B, Kokabi AH, Dolati A. A comprehensive study on the microstructure of high strength low alloy pipeline welds. J Alloys Compd. 2014;597:142–7.
- [12] Bordbar S, Alizadeh M, Hashemi SH. Effects of microstructure alteration on corrosion behavior of welded joint in API X70 pipeline steel. Mater Des. 2013;45:597–604.
- [13] Mohammadijoo M, Valloton J, et al. Characterization of martensite-austenite constituents and micro-hardness in intercritical reheated and coarse-grained heat affected zones of API X70 HSLA steel. Mater Charact. 2018;142:321–31.
- [14] de Moraes CAP, Chludzinski M, et al. Residual stress evaluation in API 5L X65 girth welded pipes joined by friction welding and gas tungsten arc welding. J Mater Res Technol. 2018;8:988–95.
- [15] Giorgetti V, Santos EA, et al. Stress corrosion cracking and fatigue crack growth of an API 5L X70 welded joint in an ethanol environment. Int J Press Vessels Pip. 2019;169:223–9.
- [16] Digheche K, Boumerzoug Z, et al. Influence of heat treatments on the microstructure of welded API X70 pipeline steel. Acta Metall Slovaca. 2017;23:72–8.
- [17] Maamache B, Bouabdallah M et al. Characterization of a welded joint in steel API.5L.X70 having undergone successive repairs. In: Materials science engineering MSE, 25–27 September 2012, Darmstadt, Germany.
- [18] Vega OE, Hallen JM, et al. Effect of multiple repairs in girth welds of pipelines on the mechanical properties. Mater Charact. 2008;59:1498–507.
- [19] Bally J, De Waele W, et al. Characterisation of weld heterogeneity through hardness mapping and miniature tensile testing. Int J Sustain Constr Des. 2015;6:1–8.
- [20] Hertelé S, Gubeljak N, De Waele W. Advanced characterization of heterogeneous arc welds using micro tensile tests and a twostage strain hardening (‘UGent’) model. Int J Press Vessels Pip. 2014;119:87–94.
- [21] PN-EN ISO 3183:2013-05. Petroleum and natural gas industries. Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems.
- [22] Data of filler material EV65, Böhler.
- [23] AWS A5.5/A5.5M:2014, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.
- [24] Data of filler material EV85, Böhler.
- [25] Data of filler metal Pipeliner 6P+, Lincoln Electric.
- [26] AWS A5.1/A5.1M: 2012, Specification for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding.
- [27] Data of filler metal Carbofil MnMo, Oerlikon.
- [28] AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005, Specification for low-alloy steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding.
- [29] Data of filler metal LNM MoNiVa, Lincoln Electric.
- [30] EN 1011-1:2009 Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Part 1: General guidance for arc welding.
- [31] PN-EN ISO 4136: 2013-05. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Transverse tensile test.
- [32] PN-EN ISO 148-1: 2010. Metallic materials. Charpy pendulum impact test. Part 1: Test method.
- [33] PN-EN ISO 9016: 2013-05. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Impact tests. Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination.
- [34] PN-EN ISO 9015-1: 2011. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing. Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joint.
- [35] PN-EN ISO 6507-1: 2007. Metallic materials. Vickers hardness test. Part 1: Test method.
- [36] PN-EN ISO 5173:2010. Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Bend tests.
- [37] PN EN ISO 17639 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds.
- [38] Shukla R, Ghosh SK, et al. Microstructure, texture, property relationship in thermo-mechanically processed ultra-low carbon microalloyed steel for pipeline application. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013;587:201–8.
- [39] Onsoien MI, M’hamdi M, Mo M. A CCT diagram for an offshore pipeline steel of X70 type. Weld J. 2009;88:1s–6s.
- [40] Godefroid LB, Cândido LC, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of two API steels for iron ore pipelines. Mater Res. 2014;17:114–20.
- [41] Zhu Z, Han J, Li H. Effect of alloy design on improving toughness for X70 steel during welding. Mater Des. 2015;88:1326–33.
- [42] Niu J, Qi LH, et al. Tempering microstructure and mechanical properties of pipeline steel X80. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2009;19:573–8.
- [43] PN-EN 15653:2018. Metallic materials. Method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness of welds.
- [44] Final report of SPipe project. Strain-based design of spiral-welded pipes for demanding pipeline applications, RFSR–CT–2013–00025, 2017.
- [45] Tabor D. The hardness of metals. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1951.
- [46] Węglowski MSt, Zeman M, et al. Physical simulation of weldability of Weldox 1300 Steel. Mater Sci Forum. 2013;762:551–5.
- [47] Węglowski MSt, Zeman M, Grocholewski A. Effect of welding thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties of simulated heat affected zone for a Weldox 1300 ultra-high strength alloy steel. Arch Metall Mater. 2016;61:127–31.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020)
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-890a4b6d-87ee-4fbc-9bc5-0f19b6de3963