Calculation of boil-off gas (BOG) generation OF KC-1 membrane LNG tank with high density rigid polyurethane foam by numerical analysis

• Autorzy: Jeong H. , Shim W. J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Recently, a new type of LNG tank named “KC-1 membrane LNG tank” has been developed by Korean Gas Corporation (KOGAS), and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) is currently building KC-1 membrane type LNG carriers. Unlike other LNG tanks, the KC-1 membrane LNG tank has a single-insulation structure rather than a double-insulation structure. For a given tank’s boundary condition, heat transfer analysis is performed from the external to the internal environment of the LNG tank by numerical simulation for three tanks. In each tank, the main thermally resistant layer of insulation is assembled with a High density rigid Polyurethane Foam (H-PUF), which is blown with one of three different types of hydrofluorocarbons—namely—HFC-365mfc, 245fa, and 245fa-e (enhanced). Advantage of such blowing agents is that it has a lower Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) than HCFC-141b or carbon dioxide ( ) that has been used in the past as well as having low thermal conductivity. A Reduced Order Model is utilized to a 3-dimensional section of the insulation to calculate equivalent thermal conductivity. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the insulation is then applied to the rest of LNG tank, reducing the size of tank simulation domain as well as computation time. Tank’s two external and internal boundary conditions used are those defined by the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) conditions. Boil-off Rate (BOR) of the tank that has the insulation with H-PUF blown with HFC-245fa resulted in 0.0927 %/day and 0.0745 %/day for IGC and USCG conditions, respectively.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

boil-off gas; KC-1 membrane; LNG carrier; rigid polyurethane foam; ozone depletion potential

• Wydawca: Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering & Ship Technology
• Czasopismo: Polish Maritime Research
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: nr 1
• Strony: 100--114
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Jeong H.

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea

autor

Shim W. J.

• Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Jukjeon-ro, 152 Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do korea

Bibliografia

• 1. International Gas Union (IGU), Ed.: 2016 Edition, World LNG Report. 2016.
• 2. Shin, M.W., Shin, D.I., Choi, S.H., Yoon, E.S., Han, C.H.: Optimization of the operation of boil-off gas compressors at a liquefied natural gas gasification plant. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Vol. 46, 2007, pp. 6540-6545.
• 3. Kurle, Y.M., Wang, S., Xu, Q.: Simulation study on boil-off gas minimization and recovery strategies at LNG exporting terminals. Applied Energy. Vol. 156, 2015, pp. 628-641.
• 4. Koyama, K.: CFD simulation on LNG storage tank to improve safety and reduce cost, in Systems Modeling and Simulation, Anonymous Springer, 2007, pp. 39-43.
• 5. Hasan, M.F., Zheng, A.M., Karimi, I.: Minimizing boil-off losses in liquefied natural gas transportation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Vol. 48, 2009, pp. 9571-9580.
• 6. Dobrota, Đ, Lalić, B., Komar, I.: Problem of boil-off in LNG supply chain. Transactions on Maritime Science. Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 91-100.
• 7. Migliore, C., Tubilleja, C., Vesovic, V.: Weathering prediction model for stored liquefied natural gas (LNG). Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. Vol. 26, 2015, pp. 570-580.
• 8. Martinez Romera, B.: The Paris agreement and the regulation of international bunker fuels. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law. Vol. 25, 2016, pp. 215-227.
• 9. Kanazawa, T., Kudo, K., Kuroda, A., Tsui, N.: Experimental study on heat and fluid flow in LNG tank heated from the bottom and the sidewalls. Heat Transfer—Asian Research. Vol. 33, 2004, pp. 417-430.
• 10. Kim, S.S., Choi, S.H.: A study on boil-off gas rate test of KC-1 closed mock-up tank. Proceedings of the 2010 the Korean Institute of Gas, 2010, pp. 29-35.
• 11. Han, M.S., Choi, S.J., Kim, J.M., Kim, Y.H., Kim, W.N., Lee, H.S., Sung, J.Y.: Effects of silicone surfactant on the cell size and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foams by environmentally friendly blowing agents. Macromolecular Research. Vol. 17, 2009, pp. 44-50.
• 12. Lee, Y.B., Baek, K.H., Choe, K.H., Han, C.H.: Development of mass production type rigid polyurethane foam for LNG carrier using ozone depletion free blowing agent. Cryogenics. Vol. 80, 2016, pp. 44-51.
• 13. I.G.C. Code, Ed.: International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. Chapter, 2003.
• 14. Lee, Y., Choe, K.: Development of polyurethane foam insulator with high thermal insulation performance for KC-1 LNG carrier. The Twenty-Fifth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 2015, .
• 15. Lee, B.J., Kim, S.B.: Current state of the polymer material technology for cryogenic. Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 17, 2014, pp. 1-11.
• 16. Jin, K.K., Oh, B.T., Kim, Y.K., Yoon, I.S., Yang, Y.C.: An assessment of structure safety for basic insulation panel of KC-1 LNG cargo containment system under sloshing load. Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas. Vol. 17, 2013, pp. 85-89.
• 17. Choi, S.W., Roh, J.U., Kim, M.S., Lee, W.I.: Analysis of two main LNG CCS (cargo containment system) insulation boxes for leakage safety using experimentally defined thermal properties. Applied Ocean Research. Vol. 37, 2012, pp. 72-89.
• 18. Marquardt, E., Le, J., Radebaugh, R.: Cryogenic material properties database, in Cryocoolers 11, Anonymous Springer, 2002, pp. 681-687.
• 19. Han, K.C., Hwang, S.W., Cho, J.R., Kim, J.S., Yoon, J.W., Lim, O., Lee, S.B.: A study on the boil-off rate prediction of LNG cargo containment filled with insulation powders. Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea. Vol. 24, 2011, pp. 193-200.
• 20. Heo, J.U., Lee, Y.J., Cho, J.R., Ha, M.K., Lee, J.N.: Heat transfer analysis and BOG estimation of membrane-type LNG cargo during laden voyage. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A. Vol. 27, 2003, pp. 393-400.
• 21. Heo, J.H., Jeon, Y.H.: Temperature distribution for a membrane type LNGC cargo tank. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea. Vol. 34, 1997, pp. 108-118.
• 22. Heo, J.H.: Heat flux calculation for thermal equilibrium of cofferdam in a LNG carrier. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea. Vol. 35, 1998, pp. 98-106.
• 23. Song, S.O., Lee, J.H., Jun, H.P., Sung, B.Y., Kim, K.K., Kim, S.G.: A study on the three-dimensional steady state temperature distributions and BOR calculation program deveolpment for the membrane type LNG carrier. Journal of Korean Society of Marine Engineering. Vol. 23, 1999, pp. 140-149.
• 24. Lee, J.H., Kim, K.K., Ro, S.T., Chung, H.S., Kim, S.G.: A study on the thermal analysis of spray cooling for the membrane type LNGC during the cool-down period. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B. Vol. 27, 2003, pp. 125-134.
• 25. Lee, J.H.: Thermal analysis comparison of IMO with USCG design condition for the INGC during the cool-down period. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B. Vol. 28, 2004, pp. 1390-1397.
• 26. Jang, E.K., Jung, Y.C.: Prediction method of the BOG for the membrane type LNGC in Middle East route. Journal of Korean Navigation and Port Research. Vol. 28, 2004, pp. 365-372.
• 27. Miana, M., Legorburo, R., Díez, D., Hwang, Y.H.: Calculation of boil-off rate of liquefied natural gas in mark III tanks of ship carriers by numerical analysis. Applied Thermal Engineering. Vol. 93, 2016, pp. 279-296.
• 28. Lambelet, M., van de Flierdt, T., Crocket, K., Rehkämper, M., Kreissig, K., Coles, B., Rijkenberg, M.J., Gerringa, L.J., de Baar, H.J., Steinfeldt, R.: Neodymium isotopic composition and concentration in the western north atlantic ocean: Results from the GEOTRACES GA02 section. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. Vol. 177, 2016, pp. 1-29.
• 29. Sharqawy, M.H., Lienhard, J.H., Zubair, S.M.: Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review of existing correlations and data. Desalination and Water Treatment. Vol. 16, 2010, pp. 354-380.
• 30. Zakaria, M.S., Osman, K., Saadun, M.N.A., Manaf, M.Z.A., Hanafi, M., Hafidzal, M.: Computational simulation of boil-off gas formation inside liquefied natural gas tank using evaporation model in ANSYS fluent. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, pp. 839-844.
• 31. Rhee, S.H.: Unstructured grid based reynolds-averaged navier-stokes method for liquid tank sloshing. Journal of Fluids Engineering. Vol. 127, 2005, pp. 572-582.
• 32. Cable, M.: An evaluation of turbulence models for the numerical study of forced and natural convective flow in atria. 2009.
• 33. A. Hamon: One million cores: A breakthrough in CFD simulation. . Available: <http://www.isgtw.org/feature/onemillion -cores-breakthrough-cfd-simulation> (accessed 27.05.15).
• 34. Shapiro, B.: Creating compact models of complex electronic systems: An overview and suggested use of existing model reduction and experimental system identyfication tools. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies. Vol. 26, 2003, pp. 165-172.
• 35. Roh, S.E., Son, G.H., Song, G.D., Bae, J.H.: Numerical study of transient natural convection in a pressurized LNG storage tank. Applied Thermal Engineering. Vol. 52, 2013, pp. 209-220.
• 36. Gaz Transport Report: Thermal calculation of 130K m3 LNG carrier, 1991.
• 37. Chun, B.I.: A study on the 3-dimensional hull temperature distribution in LNG carriers, 1995.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017)