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Protection through construction of a wooden monument in Radomlje (Slovenia)

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Biodegradation of the wood, photo-degradation of the coatings and major cracks appeared on a six-metre high oak monument built in 1960. Due to three displacements and exposure to increased moisture and pests, the monument lost its original appearance. Damage due to the fixation elements became so extensive that they threatened its load-bearing capacity. During the renovation work, the monument was subjected to original and specific constructional measures and its original appearance was restored. Restoration of the original details allowed water to flow off the monument easily, hence the wood could dry quickly. The weakened and worn parts of the wood were replaced or consolidated. Dilatation between the wood, metal and stone was stopped and further corrosion processes prevented. Restoration of the cracks prevented the entry and retention of water inside. Where this was not achievable, drainage was installed and aeration of the wood was enabled. By means of a central metal mandrel and a supporting system of adjustable bolts, the bearing capacity was improved and, in the event of possible displacements, centring of the monument was made possible. Removing the external fixation elements contributed to the monument’s aesthetics. These innovative construction solutions may represent a model case for the future restoration of similar cultural monuments.
Rocznik
Strony
135--148
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, Kranj Regional Office, Slovenia
autor
  • Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Bibliografia
  • Brischke C., Rapp A.O., Hasan M., Despot R. [2010]: Impact of climate change on wood deterioration – Challenges and solutions for cultural heritage and modern structures. Proceedings of: 41st IRG Annual Meeting, 9–13 May 2010, Biarritz, France IRG/WP 10-20441: 1–14
  • Despot R., Glavaš M. [1999]: Gloephyllum trabeum and Gloeophyllum abietinum, the most frequent brown rot fungi in fir wood joinery. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 99 - 10319: 1–15
  • Deu Ž. [2004]: Obnova stanovanjskih stavb na slovenskem podeželju (Reconstruction of residential buildings in the Slovenian countryside), Ljubljana, Kmečki glas: 124–245
  • Finch G., Wang J., Ricketts D. [2013]: Guide for Designing. Energy-Efficient Building Enclosures for Wood–Frame Multi–Unit Residential Buildings in Marine to Cold Climate Zones in North America. FP Innovations and RDH Building Engineering Ltd. Special Publication: 53
  • Gobakken L.R., Mattson J., Alfredsen G. [2008]: In-service performance of wood depends upon the critical in-situ conditions. Case studies. IRG/WP 08-20382: 13
  • Gockel H. [1996]: Konstruktiver Holzschutz. Bauen mit Holz ohne Chemie (Wood preservation. Construction using wood without chemicals). Beuth Verlag, Werner – Verlag, Düsseldorf: 60–83
  • Hazler V. [2004]: Les v tradicionalnem stavbarstvu na Slovenskem (Wood in traditional architecture in Slovenia). Les 56 [3]: 75–81
  • Herrera L. K., Videla H. A. [2004]: The importance of atmospheric effects on biodeterioration of cultural heritage constructional materials. Elsevier Ltd. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 54: 125–134 Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.06.002
  • Hrastnik D., Tišler V. [2006]: Razgradnja lesa zaradi delovanja svetlobe in gama žarkov. (Wood degradation caused by light and gamma-rays). Les 58 [7-8]: 233–236
  • Humar M. [2004]: Zaščita lesa danes – jutri (Protection of wood today – tomorrow). Les 56: 184–189
  • Jirouš-Rajković V., Turkulin H. [2002]: Svojstva drva i prevlake koja utječu na trajnost izloženog drva (Wood and coating properties that affect durability of exterior wood). Drvna industrija 53 [1]: 9–22
  • Jokilehto J. [1986]: A History of Architectural Conservation. D. Phil Thesis. The University of York, Institute of Adv.Arch.Studies, England. [accessed: 2.5.2013]. Available from: www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM05HistoryofConservation00en.pdf
  • Kerr J.S. [2013]: Conservation plan. The seventh edition, Australia ICOMOS. International Council on Monuments and Sites: 1–29
  • Morris P.I. [2013]: Understanding Biodeterioration of Wood in Structures. FP Innovations. Forintek Canada Corp. [accessed: 15.12.2013]. Available from: www.woodworks.org/whywood/durability-adaptability/
  • Piazza M., Tomasi R., Modena R. [2005]: Strutture in legno. Materiale, calcolo e progetto secondo le nuove normative europee (Wooden structures. Material, calculation and design according to the new European regulations). Biblioteca Tecnica Hoepli Milano, Milano: 512–558.
  • Pohleven F., Petrič M. [1992]: Ekološke perspektive zaščite lesa pred škodljivci (Ecological Perspective of wood protection against pests). Nova proizvodnja, NP 3: 94–98
  • Pohleven F. [1994]: Ekološki vidiki zaščite vgrajenega lesa (Ecological aspects of protection of built-in wood). Okolje, Revija za ekološka vprašanja, Slovenski ekološki glasnik, 2 [3/4]: 28–29
  • Pohleven F. [2012]: Ogroženost in zaščita lesnih predmetov in objektov etnološke dediščine (Threats to and protection of wood objects and objects of ethnological heritage). V: A. Motnikar, Jr. (Ed.): Konservator-Restavrator – povzetki strokovnega srečanja. Skupnost muzejev Slovenije, Ljubljana: 70–74
  • Russell J. [2002]: The Conservation of War Memorials. The Building Conservation Directory [accessed: 27.11.2013]. Available from: http://buildingconservation.com/articles/warmemorials/warme/
  • Schmidt O. [2006]: Wood and Tree Fungi, Biology, Damage, Protection, and Use. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg: 233–236. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32139-x
  • Torelli N., Čufar K. [1983]: Sorpcija in stabilnost lesa (Sorption and stability of wood) Les 35 [5/6]: 101–106
  • Unger A., Schniewind A.P., Unger W. [2001]: Conservation of Wood Artifacts. A Handbook. Springer – Verlag. Berlin – Heidelberg – New York. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9
  • Wallner E. [2004]: Detajli konstrukcijskih spojev (Details of structural joints). AR arhitektura raziskave 2: 38–43
  • Willeitner H., Peek R.D. [1994]: Holzschutz. Informationen für Bauherren, Architekten und Ingenieure (Wood protection. Information for builders, architects and engineers). Wirtschaftsministerium Baden-Würtemberg, Stuttgart: 1–78
  • Zelinka S.L. [2013]: Guide for materials selection and design for metals used in contact with copper-treated wood. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-227. WI: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, Madison: 1–12
  • List of standards
  • EN 1995-1-1:2004 Eurocode 5, Design of timber structures – Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings. CEN European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
  • EN 335-1:2006 Durability of wood and wood-based products- Definition of use classes – Part 1: General. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
  • EN 350-2:1994 Durability of wood-based products – Natural durability of solid wood- Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-8793abdb-a1e1-4c73-9fc2-93ef7fc1ccd9
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