Evaluation of selected steel thermochemical treatment technologies using foresight methods

• Autorzy: Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D. , Hajduczek E. , Polok-Rubiniec M. , Przybył M. , Adamaszek K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the development efficiency of classical steel thermochemical treatment. The criterion assumed for dividing the technologies into groups was the thermochemical treatment kind. Three technology groups were selected to realised researches, as follows: nitriding, carburising and diffusion boriding. Design/methodology/approach: In the framework of foresight-materials science researches: a group of matrices characterising technology strategic position was created, materials science experiments using: light microscope, transmission and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tester, work-stands for testing of thermal fatigue resistance and mechanical fatigue strength, abrasion and corrosion resistance were conducted and technology roadmaps were prepared. Findings: The outcarried researches pointed out the great industrial importance of nitriding and carburising and good perspectives for these technology groups. However, diffusion boriding is obsolete and will slowly leave the market. Research limitations/implications: Researches concerning steel thermochemical treatment constitute a part of a larger research project aimed at identifying, researching, and characterizing the priority innovative technologies in the field of materials surface engineering. Practical implications: Nitriding and carburising with their popularity and good quality-price relation can be recommended for use in small and medium enterprises. Obsolete diffusion boriding is not recommended for that. Originality/value: The value of this paper is to evaluate the value of thermochemical treatment technologies in the background environment with their future development perspectives determination including the influence of thermochemical treatment on the quality, microstructure and properties of surface layers obtained by thermochemical treatment.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

thermochemical treatment; carburising; nitriding; boriding; foresight; technology roadmapping

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 46, nr 2
• Strony: 115--146
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 70 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D.

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Hajduczek E.

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Polok-Rubiniec M.

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Przybył M.

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Adamaszek K.

• BOSMAL Automotive Research & Development Institute Ltd, ul. Sarni Stok 93, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, E-foresight of materials surface engineering, Archives of Materials Science Engineering 44/1 (2010) 43-50.
• [2] A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Foresight methods for technology validation, roadmapping and development in the surface engineering area, Archives of Materials Science Engineering 44/2 (2010) 69-86.
• [3] A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Main assumptions of the fore-sight of surface properties formation leading technologies of engineering materials and biomaterials, Journal of Achie-vements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 34/2 (2009) 165-171.
• [4] L.A. Dobrzański, E. Hajduczek, J. Marciniak, R. Nowosielski, Physical metallurgy and heat treatment of tool materials, WNT, Warsaw, 1990 (in Polish).
• [5] L.A. Dobrzański, Engineering materials and materials design. Fundamentals of materials science and physical metallurgy, WNT, Warsaw, 2006 (in Polish).
• [6] T. Burakowski, T. Wierzchoń, Surface Engineering of Metals, WNT, Warsaw, 1995 (in Polish).
• [7] P. Kula, Surface Layer Engineering, Monographs No. 983, Publishing House of Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, 2000, (in Polish).
• [8] F.A.P. Fernandes, S.C. Heck, R.G. Pereira, A. Lombardi-Neto, G.E. Totten, L.C. Casteletti, Wear of plasma nitrided and nitrocarburised AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 40/2 (2010) 175-179.
• [9] Z. Gawroński, B. Kruszyński, P. Kula, Synergistic effects of thermo-chemical treatment and super abrasive grinding in gears’ manufacturing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 159/2 (2005) 249-256.
• [10] P. Kula, R. Pietrasik, K. Dybowski, Vacuum carburizing -process optimization, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 164-165 (2005) 876-881.
• [11] A. Sugianto, M. Narazaki, M. Kogawara, A. Shirayori, S.-Y. Kim, S. Kubota, Numerical simulation and experimental verification of carburizing-quenching process of SCr420H steel helical gear, Journal of Materials Processing Techno-logy 209/7 (2009) 3597-3609.
• [12] R.L. Liu, M.F. Yan, D.L. Wu, Microstructure and mechanical properties of 17-4PH steel plasma nitrocarburized with and without rare earths addition, Journal of Materials Pro-cessing Technology 210/5 (2010) 784-790.
• [13] G.-J. Li, J. Wang, Q. Peng, C. Li, Y. Wang, B.-L. Shen, Influence of salt bath nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation process on surface microstructure evolution of 17-4PH stainless steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 207/1-3 (2008) 187-192.
• [14] J. Ratajski, T. Suszko, Modelling of the nitriding process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 195/1-3 (2008) 212-217.
• [15] K. Genel, Estimation method for the fatigue limit of case hardened steels, Surface & Coatings Technology 194 (2005) 91-95.
• [16] D.-W. Kim, B.-S. Lim, Plasma and Vacuum Carburizing Processes and Mechanical Properties of SCM 415 Steel, KSME International Journal 13/8 (1999) 634-641.
• [17] S.-K. Lyu, K. Inoue, G. Deng, M. Kato, Effect of Surface Treatments on the Strength of Carburized Gears - An Application of Fracture Mechanics, KSME International Journal 12/2 (1998) 206-214.
• [18] I.N. Roslyakov, V.I. Kolmykov, Influence of Nitrocementation on the Increase in Fatigue Strength and Wear Resistance of Galvanic Iron Coatings, Russian Engineering Research 29/9 (2009) 903-904.
• [19] M. Fujii, M. Seki, A. Yoshida, Surface durability of WC/C-coated case-hardened steel gear, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 24 (2010) 103-106.
• [20] P. Kula, J. Olejnik, J. Kowalewski, New vacuum carburizing technology, Heat Treating Progress 1 (2001) 57-60.
• [21] M. Szota, J. Jasiński, Modelling of carburising parameters, Material Engineering 1 (2010) 614-618 (in Polish).
• [22] J. Walkowicz, J. Smolik, C. Bertrand, A. Ioncea, Thermochemical treatment and operating life of hot forging dies, Material Engineering 5 (2005) 214-218 (in Polish).
• [23] P. Kochmański, J. Nowacki, Initial growth phase of gasnitrided layer on 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel, Material Engineering 5 (2005) 314-318 (in Polish).
• [24] K. Marušić, H. Otmačić, D. Landek, F. Cajner, Modification of carbon steel surface by the Tenifer® process of nitro-carburizing and post-oxidation, Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2006) 3415-3421.
• [25] Z. Gawroński, A. Malasiński, J. Sawicki, A selection of the protective atmosphere eliminating the inter-operational copper plating step in the processing of gear wheels, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 44/1 (2010) 51-57.
• [26] G.H. Farrahi, H. Ghadbeigi, An investigation into the effect of various surface treatments on fatigue life of a tool steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 174/1-3 (2006) 318-324.
• [27] R.L.O. Basso, R.J. Candal, C.A. Figueroa, D. Wisnivesky, F. Alvarez, Influence of microstructure on the corrosion behavior of nitrocarburized AISI H13 tool steel obtained by pulsed DC plasma, Surface and Coatings Technology 203 /10-11 (2009) 1293-1297.
• [28] D.-C. Wen, Erosion and wear behavior of nitrocarburized DC53 tool steel, Wear 268/3-4 (2010) 629-636.
• [29] W. Gräfen, B. Edenhofer, New developments in thermochemical diffusion processes, Surface and Coatings Technology 200/5-6 (2005) 1830-1836.
• [30] T. Babul, Z. Obuchowicz, W. Grzelecki, Nitro-Oxidation of Tools Manufactured from High-Speed Steel, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 24/7-8 (2009) 842-846.
• [31] K.-T. Youn, Y.-M. Rhyim, J.-H. Lee, C.-G. Lee, Y.-C. Jung, An Evaluation of Thermal Fatigue Cracking and Chemical Reaction in Die Casting Mould, Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (2007) 701-704.
• [32] J. Smolik, J. Walkowicz, J. Tacikowski, Influence of the structure of the composite: 'nitrided layer/PVD coating' on the durability of tools for hot working, Surface and Coatings Technology 125/1-3 (2000) 134-140.
• [33] J. Smolik, M. Gulde, J. Walkowicz, J. Suchanek, Influence of the structure of the composite: 'nitrided layer/PVD coating' on the durability of forging dies made of steel DIN-1.2367, Surface and Coatings Technology 180-181 (2004) 506-511.
• [34] J. Adamczyk, M. Przybył, Effect of nitriding on structure and properties of high-speed steels, Works by the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy 33/34 (1978) 109-114 (in Polish).
• [35] J. Adamczyk, M. Przybył, Effect of nitriding conditions on mechanical properties of selected tool steel grades, Proceedings of the Conference on Carbides-nitrides-borides, Poznan, 1981, 260-272 (in Polish).
• [36] J. Adamczyk, M. Przybył, E. Hajduczek, Structure of nitrides layers on selected tool steels, Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids, Cracow -Krynica, 1981, 266-270 (in Polish).
• [37] J. Adamczyk, E. Hajduczek, Effect of surface diffusion layers on thermal fatigue of hot work tool X40CrMoV5-1 steel, Metal Science and Heat Treatment 66 (1983) 9-14 (in Polish).
• [38] J. Adamczyk, E. Hajduczek, Phase composition of surface layer of diffusion borided X40CrMoV5-1 steel, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference "Carbides, nitrides, borides", Poznan - Kolobrzeg, 1984, 272-278 (in Polish).
• [39] J. Adamczyk, E. Hajduczek, L.A. Dobrzański, M. Czech, H. Słupik, Cutting ability tests for thermochemically treated HS6-5-2 steel drills, Works by the Centre for Technical Development 64 (1986) 211-216 (in Polish).
• [40] J. Adamczyk, K. Adamaszek, E. Hajduczek, H. Szymura, Effect of carbonitriding on the structure and properties of 18CrMnTi4-4 steel surface layers, Proceedings of the Scientific and Technical Conference on "Issues of Modern Thermochemical Treatment", Warsaw, 1984, Vol. 1, 16-23 (in Polish).
• [41] J. Adamczyk, K. Adamaszek, E. Hajduczek, Effect of carbonitriding on the structure of surface layers and fatigue resistance of 18CrMnTi4-4 steel, Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Heat Treatment of Materials, Budapest, Hungary, 1986, Vol. II, 759-766 (in Russian).
• [42] J. Adamczyk, E. Hajduczek, Microstructure of borided layer of Cr-Mo-V die steel, Proceedings of 5th International Con-gress on Heat Treatment of Materials, Budapest, Hungary, 1986, Vol. II, 798-805 (in Russian).
• [43] L.A. Dobrzański, J. Adamczyk, E. Hajduczek, M. Czech, H. Słupik, Cutting ability tests of the drills after thermo-chemical treatments, Proceedings of the I-st International Scientific Conference "Achievements in the Mechanical and Material Engineering", Gliwice, 1992, Vol. 1, 29-34 (in German).
• [44] L.A. Dobrzański, J. Mazurkiewicz, E. Hajduczek, J. Madejski, Comparison of the thermal fatigue resistance and structure of the 47CrMoWVTiCeZr16-26-8 hot-work tool steel with X40CrMoV5-1 type one, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 113 (2001) 527-538.
• [45] M. Polok-Rubiniec, L.A. Dobrzański, M, Adamiak, Comparison of the PVD coatings deposited onto plasma nitrided steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 42/1-2 (2010) 172-179.
• [46] L. Georghiou, J.C. Harper, M. Keenan, I. Miles, R. Popper (eds.), The Handbook of Technology Foresight. Concepts and Practice, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., UK, 2008.
• [47] L.A. Costanzo, R.B. Mackay, Handbook of Research on Strategy and Foresight, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 2009.
• [48] A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, The methodological fundaments of development state analysis of surface engineering technologies, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 40/2 (2010) 203-210.
• [49] A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Foresight of materials surface engineering as a tool stimulating sustainable development and to increase the quality of technology, Journal of Ma-chine Engineering 10/3 (2010) 48-59.
• [50] The Boston Consulting Group, The Product Portfolio, Perspectives 66 (1970).
• [51] N. Gerdsri, R.S. Vatananan, S. Dansamasatid, Dealing with the dynamics of technology roadmapping implementation: A case study, Technical Forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 50-60.
• [52] Y. Yasunaga, M. Watanabe, M. Korenaga, Application of technology roadmaps to govermental innovation Policy for promoting technology convergence, Technical Forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 61-79.
• [53] R. Phaal, G. Muller, An architectural framework for road-mapping: Towards visual strategy, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 39-49.
• [54] J.C.A. Batista, C. Godoy, V.T.L. Buono, A. Matthews, Characterisation of duplex and non-duplex (Ti, Al)N and Cr-N PVD coatings, Materials Science and Engineering A336 (2002) 39-51.
• [55] I. Lee, I. Park, Microstructures and mechanical properties of surface-hardened layer produced on SKD 61 steel by plasma radical nitriding, Materials Science and Engineering A 449451 (2007) 890-893.
• [56] K. Dybowski, Ł. Kaczmarek, R. Pietrasik, J. Smolik, Ł. Kołodziejczyk, D. Batory, M. Gzik, M. Stegliński, Influence of chemical heat treatment on the mechanical properties of paper knife-edge die, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 37/2 (2009) 422-427.
• [57] B. Podgornik, S. Hogmark, O. Sandberg, V. Leskovsek, Wear resistance and anti-sticking properties of duplex treated forming tool steel, Wear 254/11 (2003) 113-1121.
• [58] V.I. Shemegon, Surface hardening of twist drills, Metal Science and Heat Treatment 40/6 (1998) 243-249.
• [59] K. Genel, Boriding kinetics of H13 steel, Vacuum 80/5 (2006) 451-457.
• [60] B.S. Mann, Boronizing of cast martensitic chromium nickel stainless steel and its abrasion and cavitation-erosion behaviour, Wear 208/1-2 (1997) 125-131.
• [61] C. Martini, G. Palombarini, G. Poli, D. Prandstraller, Sliding and abrasive wear behaviour of boride coatings, Wear 256/6 (2004) 608-613.
• [62] S. Taktak, Tribological behaviour of borided bearing steels at elevated temperatures, Surface and Coatings Technology 201/6 (2006) 2230-2239.
• [63] M. Kulka, A. Pertek, Gradient formation of boride layers by borocarburizing, Applied Surface Science 254/16 (2008) 5281-5290.
• [64] I. Gunes, S. Ulker, S. Taktak, Plasma paste boronizing of AISI 8620, 52100 and 440C steels, Materials and Design 32/4 (2011) 2380-2386.
• [65] M. Mathew, P.K. Rajendrakumar, Optimization of process parameters of borocarburized low carbon steel for tensile strength by Taquchi method with grey relational analysis, Materials and Design 32/6 (2011) 3637-3644.
• [66] A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, T. Tański, S. Malara, J. Domagała-Dubiel, Assessment of strategic development perspectives of laser treatment of casting magnesium alloys, Archives of Materials Science Engineering 45/1 (2010) 5-39.
• [67] A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, E. Jonda, K. Labisz, Foresight methods application for evaluating laser treatment of hot-work steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 43/2 (2010) 750-773.
• [68] A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, K. Lukaszkowicz, Techno-logy validation of coatings deposition onto the brass substrate, Archives of Materials Science Engineering 46/1 (2010) 5-38.
• [69] A. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, A. Drygała, Foresight methodology application for laser texturing of silicon surface, Proceedings of Polish-Ukrainian Scientific Conference -Mechanics and Computer Science, Chmielnicki, Ukraine, 2011, 156-157.
• [70] FORSURF. Structural project in realisation, www.forsurf.pl 2009-2012 (in Polish).