Assessment of Indoor Microplastic Particles Pollution in Selected Sites of Mosul City

• Autorzy: Al-Hussayni Rihab Salih , Al-Ahmady Kossay K. , Mhemid Rasha Khalid Sabri

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/168461

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Among the most significant sources of microplastics (MPs) for humans is indoor dust. However, very few researchers have studied the properties and abundance of MPs that existed in dust from different indoor environments. The current study investigated microplastic fallout in 90 locations (5 kindergartens, 6 mosques, 5 schools, 10 shops, 5 cafeterias, 6 hospitals, 25 dormitories, 7 barber salons, 6 offices, 5 scientific laboratories, 5 pharmacies, and 5 medical clinics) during six months. Among the ninety sampling sites, the most significant average of MPs was actually found in the kindergartens (4.743×10³ ± 427 MP/m² /d), in contrast, the lowest abundance was in the medical clinics (3.02×10² ± 62 MP/m² /d). The majority of indoor dust samples contained MPs in the form of fibers. The dominant colour of dust samples was transparent, followed by black, red, blue, green, and yellow. A total of six types of polymers were identified, including polystyrene (PS, 39%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 20%), polypropylene (PP, 17%), polyethylene (PE, 13), polyamide (PA, 7%) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 3%). PS, PET, and PP represent most of the MPs polymer types discovered in indoor dust samples from various locations. These polymers are frequently used in fabrics, furniture, carpets, packaging, and synthetic fibers. Statistical analysis was performed on the results using Excel 2019. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in each site with the other sites, except between (schools and mosques), (pharmacies, and medical clinics). The similarity between these sites in terms of people’s activity or in terms of furniture, the lack of carpets and curtains could explain the insignificant difference.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

microplastic; dust deposition; shape; colour; FTIR; indoor air pollution; indoor dust

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 24, nr 9
• Strony: 322--332
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Al-Hussayni Rihab Salih

• College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq

autor

Al-Ahmady Kossay K.

• University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq

autor

Mhemid Rasha Khalid Sabri

• Department of Environmental Technologies, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-7573

Bibliografia

• 1. Alimi, O.S. et al. 2018. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Aggregation, Deposition, and Enhanced Contaminant Transport’, Environmental Science & Technology, 52(4), 1704–1724. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05559.
• 2. Allen, S. et al. 2019. Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment’, Nature Geoscience, 12(5), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0335-5
• 3. Chen, G. et al. 2020. An overview of analytical methods for detecting microplastics in the atmosphere, TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 130, 115981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115981
• 4. Chen, Y. et al. 2022. Air conditioner filters become sinks and sources of indoor microplastics fibers. Environmental Pollution, 292, 118465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118465
• 5. Dris, R. et al. 2017. A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments’, Environmental Pollution, 221, 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013
• 6. Fowler, S.W. et al. 2022. A Preliminary Assessment of Size-Fractionated Microplastics in Indoor Aerosol-Kuwait’s Baseline. https://doi.org/10.3390/tox-ics10020071
• 7. Gasperi, J. et al. 2018. Microplastics in air: Are we breathing it in?’, Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.002
• 8. Grande-Tovar, C.D. et al. 2022. Microplastics’ and Nanoplastics’ Interactions with Microorganisms: A Bibliometric Study. Sustainability, 14(22), 14761. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214761
• 9. Jenner, L.C. et al. 2021a. Household indoor microplastics within the Humber region (United Kingdom): Quantification and chemical characterisation of particles present. Atmospheric Environment, 259, 118512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118512
• 10. Jenner, L.C. et al. 2021b. Household indoor microplastics within the Humber region (United Kingdom): Quantification and chemical characterisation of particles present. Atmospheric Environment, 259, 118512. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2021.118512
• 11. Klein, M., Fischer, E.K. 2019a. Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany. Science of The Total Environment, 685, 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.405
• 12. Klein, M., Fischer, E.K. 2019b. Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany’, Science of the Total Environment, 685, 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.405
• 13. Koutnik, V.S. et al. 2023. Children’s playgrounds contain more microplastics than other areas in urban parks’, Science of the Total Environment, 854(May 2022), 158866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158866
• 14. Liao, Z. et al. 2021a. Airborne microplastics in indoor and outdoor environments of a coastal city in Eastern China’, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417, 126007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126007
• 15. Liao, Z. et al. 2021b. Airborne microplastics in indoor and outdoor environments of a coastal city in Eastern China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417 (May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126007
• 16. Liu, C. et al. 2019. Widespread distribution of PET and PC microplastics in dust in urban China and their estimated human exposure’, 128(April), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.024
• 17. Liu, K. et al. 2019. Source and potential risk assessment of suspended atmospheric microplastics in Shanghai. Science of the Total Environment, 675, 462–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.110
• 18. Nematollahi, M.J. et al. 2022. Microplastic occurrence in settled indoor dust in schools’, Science of the Total Environment, 807, 150984. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150984
• 19. Prata, J.C. 2018. Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health?’, Environmental Pollution, 234, 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.043
• 20. Prata, J.C. et al. 2020a. The importance of contamination control in airborne fibers and microplastic sampling: Experiences from indoor and outdoor air sampling in Aveiro, Portugal. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159(August), 111522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111522
• 21. Prata, J.C. et al. 2020b. The importance of contamination control in airborne fibers and microplastic sampling: Experiences from indoor and outdoor air sampling in Aveiro, Portugal. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111522
• 22. Qiang, W. et al. 2021. Aboveground vegetation and soil physicochemical properties jointly drive the shift of soil microbial community during subalpine secondary succession in southwest China. Catena, 202(January), 105251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105251
• 23. Rahman, L. et al. 2021. Microplastics and nanoplastics science: collecting and characterizing airborne microplastics in fine particulate matter. Nanotoxicology, 15(9), 1253–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2021.2018065
• 24. Salthammer, T. et al. 2022. A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments. Environmental Pollution., 2nd edn, 12(2), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013
• 25. Soltani, N.S., Taylor, M.P., Wilson, S.P. 2021. Quantification and exposure assessment of microplastics in Australian indoor house dust. Environmental Pollution, 283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117064
• 26. Sørensen, L. et al. 2021. UV degradation of natural and synthetic microfibers causes fragmentation and release of polymer degradation products and chemical additives. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 143170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143170
• 27. Uddin, S. et al. 2022. Micro-Nano Plastic in the Aquatic Environment: Methodological Problems and Challenges. Animals. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030297
• 28. Wright, S.L., Kelly, F.J. 2017. Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?. Environmental Science and Technology, 6634–6647. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00423
• 29. Zhang, J., Diao, X. 2023. Migration and transformation of airborne microplastics. 1st edn, Airborne Microplastics: Analysis Fate And Human Health Effects. 1st edn. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2022.07.004
• 30. Zhang, Q. et al. 2020. Microplastic Fallout in Different Indoor Environments. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(11), 6530–6539. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00087
• 31. Zhang, Y. et al. 2020. Atmospheric microplastics: A review on current status and perspectives. Earth-Science Reviews, 203(September 2019), 103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103118.
• 32. Zhu, J. et al. 2022. Microplastics in dust from different indoor environments, Science of the Total Environment, 833(January), 155256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155256.