Polityka fiskalna a ubóstwo energetyczne w Polsce

• Autorzy: Nagaj Rafał

Warianty tytułu

EN

Fiscal policy and fuel poverty in Poland

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Rosnące ceny energii w Europie, zwłaszcza w Unii Europejskiej, w 2021 roku spowodowały, że ponownie zaczęto postrzegać rozwój sektora energetycznego nie tylko z punktu widzenia ochrony klimatu i nakładów, jakie są potrzebne by uzyskać zero-emisyjność do 2050 roku, ale także z punktu widzenia sektora zubożającego społeczeństwo. Pojawia się tutaj kwestia ubóstwa energetycznego i trudności społeczeństwa z finansowaniem usług energetycznych. Literatura przedmiotu najczęściej bada zróżnicowanie terytorialne ubóstwa energetycznego lub wpływ polityki energetycznej na ubóstwo energetyczne. W sytuacji braku polityki ograniczania ubóstwa energetycznego w większości państw unijnych, należy badać, które rodzaje polityk najskuteczniej pośrednio ograniczają to zjawisko społeczno-gospodarcze. Literatura przytacza badania wpływu niektórych podatków w wybranych krajach, jednak wyniki są niejednoznaczne. Poza tym nie były dotąd prowadzone takie badania dla Polski. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu polityki fiskalnej (opodatkowania i świadczeń socjalnych) na stopę ubóstwa energetycznego w Polsce. Zostaną zbadane instrumenty polityki fiskalnej odgrywające najważniejszą rolę w kształtowaniu skali ubóstwa energetycznego w Polsce. Analizą objęto okres lat 2005-2020. Wyniki badań wskazały, że w Polsce rząd oddziałuje na skalę ubóstwa energetycznego jedynie w sposób pośredni oraz jest brak polityki bezpośrednio skierowanej do ograniczania tego zjawiska. Stwierdzono, że instrumenty polityki fiskalnej są znacznie skuteczniejsze w oddziaływaniu na poziom ubóstwa energetycznego niż polityka energetyczna. Instrumentem, który najsilniej i istotnie statystycznie wpływa na poziom ubóstwa energetycznego w Polsce są transfery socjalne.

EN

Rising energy prices in Europe, particularly in the European Union, in 2021 have led to a renewed perception of the development of the energy sector, not only from the point of view of climate protection and the investment needed to achieve zero-carbon goal by 2050, but also from the point of view of a sector that impoverishes society. This raises the issue of fuel poverty and society's difficulties in financing energy services. The literature most often examines the geographical diversification of fuel poverty or the impact of energy policies on fuel poverty. In the absence of fuel poverty reduction policies in most EU countries, it is important to study which types of policies are most effective in indirectly reducing this socio-economic phenomenon. The literature attempts to study the impact of certain taxes in some countries, but the results are inconclusive. Besides, no such research has been conducted for Poland so far. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of fiscal policy (taxation and social benefits) on the fuel poverty rate in Poland. It will be examined which fiscal policy instruments played the most important role in shaping the fuel poverty rate in Poland. The analysis covers the period 2005- 2020. The results show that in Poland the government affects the fuel poverty rate only indirectly and there is a lack of policy directly aimed at reducing this phenomenon. It was found that fiscal policy instruments are much more effective in influencing fuel poverty level than energy policy. The instrument that has the strongest and statistically significant impact on fuel poverty in Poland is social transfers.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

ubóstwo energetyczne; polityka fiskalna; energetyka; cena energii

EN

fuel poverty; fiscal policy; energy sector; energy prices

• Wydawca: KAPRINT
• Czasopismo: Rynek Energii
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Nr 1
• Strony: 3--10
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 50 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Nagaj Rafał

• Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Ekonomii i Finansów

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