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Alkali-activated slag has been noted as one of potential alternatives to the ordinary Portland cement due to its properties including high early strength performance and capability of ambient curing. However, there is still limited studies available on elucidating the reaction processes towards producing the excellent properties. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of alkali activation of slag under different molarities of sodium hydroxide, which is one of the most influential factors on the properties of alkali-activated slag. Heat evolution of alkali-activated slag was used as a real-time monitoring technique. For mix designation, the molarity of sodium hydroxide was varied from 6M to 14 M, with solid-to-liquid ratios of 0.6 and alkali activator ratios of 2.0 remaining constant. The calorimetric data obtained was further used for determination of degree of reaction, nucleation and growth rate mechanism using Johnson-Mehl Avrami Kolmogrov model. According to the findings, it was found that regardless of various molarity of sodium hydroxide applied, the nucleation mechanism and growth is governed by instantaneous heterogeneous nucleation with rod-like growth as the n value is approaching 1 in which is observed from the morphology of the alkali-activated slag at lowest molarity applied (6 M). Furthermore, increasing in molarity of sodium hydroxide was found to decrease the total heat evolved and the lowest was obtained when using 14 M.
Słowa kluczowe
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Tom
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473--485
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., il., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
autor
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
autor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
autor
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
autor
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] A.H. Mahmood, M. Babaee, S.J. Foster, and A. Castel, “Capturing the early-age physicochemical transformations of alkali-activated fly ash and slag using ultrasonic pulse velocity technique”, Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 130, art. no. 104529, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104529.
- [2] H. Ma, et al., “Preparation and reaction mechanism characterization of alkali-activated coal gangue-slag materials”, Materials (Basel), vol. 12, no. 14, 2019, doi: 10.3390/ma12142250.
- [3] A.M. Kalinkin, B.I. Gurevich, M.S. Myshenkov, E.V. Kalinkina, and I.A. Zvereva, “A calorimetric study of hydration of magnesia-ferriferous slag mechanically activated in air and in CO2 atmosphere”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 165-171, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10973-018-7439-9.
- [4] V.C. Prabha and V. Revathi, “Geopolymer Mortar Incorporating High Calcium Fly Ash and Silica Fume”, Archives of Civil Engineering, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 3-16, 2019, doi: 10.2478/ace-2019-0001.
- [5] Z. Hu, M. Wyrzykowski, and P. Lura, “Estimation of reaction kinetics of geopolymers at early ages”, Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 129, art. no. 105971, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.105971.
- [6] B. Liu, K. Zhuang, D. Li, Y. Fang, and G. Pan, “Understanding the early reaction and structural evolution of alkali activated slag optimized using K-A-S-H nanoparticles with varying K2O/SiO2 ratios”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 200, art. no. 108311, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108311.
- [7] R. Cao, S. Zhang, N. Banthia, Y. Zhang, and Z. Zhang, “Interpreting the early-age reaction process of alkali-activated slag by using combined embedded ultrasonic measurement, thermal analysis, XRD, FTIR and SEM”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 186, art. no. 107840, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107840.
- [8] L. Li, D. Xu, S. Huang, and X. Cheng, “Investigation of piezoelectric composite transducer in Ultrasonic monitoring of cement hydration”, Advances in Cement Research, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 424-432, 2015, doi: 10.1680/adcr.14.00032.
- [9] S.K. Nath and S. Kumar, “Reaction kinetics of fly ash geopolymerization: Role of particle size controlled by using ball mill”, Advanced Powder Technology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1079-1088, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.003.
- [10] Z. Zhang, J.L. Provis, H. Wang, F. Bullen, and A. Reid, “Quantitative kinetic and structural analysis of geopolymers. Part 2. Thermodynamics of sodium silicate activation of metakaolin”, Thermochima Acta, vol. 565, pp. 163-171, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2013.01.040.
- [11] K.I. Ku Marsilla and C.J.R. Verbeek, “Crystallization of itaconic anhydride grafted poly(lactic acid) during annealing”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 134, no. 12, pp. 1-11, 2017, doi: 10.1002/app.44614.
- [12] J. Fournier, “Application of the JMAK model for crystal dissolution kinetics in a borosilicate melt”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 489, pp. 77-83, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.03.018.
- [13] J. Torrens-Serra, S. Venkataraman, M. Stoica, U. Kuehn, S. Roth, and J. Eckert, “Non-isothermal kinetic analysis of the crystallization of metallic glasses using the master curve method”, Materials (Basel), vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 2231-2243, 2011, doi: 10.3390/ma4122231.
- [14] A.A. Siyal, K.A. Azizli, Z. Man, L. Ismail, and M.I. Khan, “Geopolymerization kinetics of fly ash based geopolymers using JMAK model”, Ceramics International, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 15575-15584, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.07.006.
- [15] A.H. Pauzi, L. Ismail, A.A. Siyal, Z. Man, and K.A. Azizli, “Experimental study of geopolymer solidification kinetics”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 625, pp. 127-130, 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.625.127.
- [16] ASTM Committee C09.48, ASTM C1679-14 Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry. ASTM, 2014, doi: 10.1520/C1679-14.2.
- [17] “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction”. ASTM, 2014, doi: 10.1520/C1702-09a.2.
- [18] G. De Schutter and L. Taerwe, “General hydration model for portland cement and blast furnace slag cement”, Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 593-604, 1995, doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00048-H.
- [19] A. Rafeet, R. Vinai, M. Soutsos, and W. Sha, “Effects of slag substitution on physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based alkali activated binders (AABs)”, Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 122, pp. 118-135, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.05.003.
- [20] R. Cornelis, H. Priyosulistyo, and I. Satyarno, “The Investigation on Setting Time and Strength of High Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 881, pp. 158-164, 2018, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.881.158.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-8578a107-a210-4839-ac0c-4133e4954471