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Abstrakty
In this study, horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) have been calculated for strong ground motion data recorded by the Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN). Then, a uniform and specific procedure is applied for selecting the peak amplitude (Apeak) and peak frequency (ƒpeak) of the average HVSR for each station in the database. Based on this procedure, Apeak and ƒpeak values were estimated at 502 stations of ISMN. Also, the relationships between HVSR parameters and time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) have been investigated and these relationships are presented for Iran. The results and uncertainties of these models are compared with other related studies conducted in Japan, North and Central America, as well as previous studies for Iran. Compared to other datasets, the VS30 model presented for Iran shows the highest VS30 values among all models. The equation developed in this study can be used to estimate VS30 at ISMN stations where there is no other site characteristics available. Therefore, the soil type can be classified according to the Standard No. 2800, which is useful in seismic design codes and other related studies.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
2049--2064
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 45 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, Tehran, Iran
autor
- BC Hydro, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, Tehran, Iran
autor
- Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Bibliografia
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- 2. Ahn JK, Kwak DY, Kim HS (2021) Estimating VS30 at Korean Peninsular seismic observatory stations using HVSR of event records. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 146:106650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106650
- 3. Akkar S, Sandikkaya MA, Bommer J (2013) Empirical ground-motion models for point-and extended-source crustal earthquake scenarios in Europe and the Middle East. Bull Earthq Eng 12:359–387
- 4. Allen T, Wald DJ (2009) On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (VS30). Bull Seismol Soc Am 99:935–943
- 5. Anderson JG, Bodin P, Brune JN, Prince J, Singh SK, Quaas R, Onate M (1986) Strong ground motion from the Michoacan Mexico, Earthquake. Science 233:1043–1049
- 6. Bard PY (1995) Effects of surface geology on ground motion: recent results and remaining issues. In: 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Duma (Editor), Balkema, Rotterdam, 305–323
- 7. Bonilla LF, Steidl JH, Lindley GT, Tumarkin AG, Archuleta RJ (1997) Site amplification in the San Fernando Valley, California: variability of site-effect estimation using the S-wave, coda, and H/V methods. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:710–730
- 8. Boore DM, Joyner WB (1997) Site amplifications for generic rock sites. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:327–341
- 9. Borcherdt RD (1970) Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay. Bull Seismol Soc Am 60:29–61
- 10. Building Seismic Safety Council (2009) NEHRP recommended seismic provisions for new buildings and other structures, FEMA P-750. The National Institute of Building Sciences, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, DC
- 11. Cadet H, Bard P-Y, Duval A-M, Bertrand E (2012) Site effect assessment using KiK-net data: part 2-site amplification prediction equation based on f 0 and Vsz. Bull Earthq Eng 10:451–489
- 12. Campillo M, Gariel JC, Aki K, Sanchez-Sesma FJ (1989) Destructive strong ground motion in Mexico City: source, path, and site effects during great 1985 michoacan earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 79:1718–1735
- 13. Darzi A, Pilz M, Zolfaghari MR, Fa¨h D (2019) An automatic procedure to determine the fundamental site resonance: application to the iranian strong motion network. Pure Appl Geophys 176:3509–3531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02153-z
- 14. European Committee for Standardization (2004) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance – part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Bruxelles
- 15. Farzanegan A, Mirzaei Alavijeh H, Sinaian F, (2006–2010) Research report of the „Geotechnical studies using seismic refraction method in Iran strong motion stations”. Publications of the Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center (in Persian)
- 16. Field EH, Jacob KH (1995) A comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques, including three that are not reference site dependent. Bull Seismol Soc Am 85:1127–1143
- 17. Geotechnical Engineering Department, BHRC. https://www.bhrc.ac.ir/en-bsri/Research-Departments/Geotechnical-Engineering-Department
- 18. Ghasemi H, Zare M, Fukushima Y, Sinaeian F (2009) Applying empirical methods in site classification, using response spectral ratio (H/V): a case study on Iranian strong motion network (ISMN). Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:121–132
- 19. Ghofrani H, Atkinson GM, Goda K (2013) Implications of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku Japan earthquake for the treatment of site effects in large earthquakes. Bull Earthq Eng 11:171–203
- 20. Ghofrani H, Atkinson G (2014) Site condition evaluation using horizontal-to-vertical response spectralratios of earthquakes in the NGA-West 2 and Japanese databases. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 67:30–43
- 21. Gregor N, Abrahamson NA, Atkinson GM, Boore DM, Bozorgnia Y, Campbell KW (2014) Comparison of NGA-West2 GMPEs. Earthq Spectra 30(3):1179. https://doi.org/10.1193/070113EQS186M
- 22. Hassani B, Atkinson G (2016) Applicability of the site fundamental frequency as a VS30 proxy for central and Eastern North America. Bull Seismol Soc Am 106:653–664
- 23. Hunter JA, Crow HL (2012) Shear wave velocity measurement guidelines for Canadian seismic site characterization in soil and rock. (Open File 7078). Geol Surv Canada 2012:227. https://doi.org/10.4095/291753
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- 25. Kramer SL Geotechnical earthquake engineering, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p 653
- 26. Kwak DY, Seyhan E (2018) Development of peak frequency-site condition correlation models using H/V spectral ratio. In: Proceedings of the geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics V, Austin, TX, 10–13 June, Reston, VA: ASCE. 2018:340–7. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784481462.033
- 27. Lermo J, Chavez-Garcia FJ (1993) Site effect evaluation using spectra ratio with only one station. Bull Seismol Soc Am 83:1574–1594
- 28. Lermo J, Chavez-Garcıa FJ (1994) Are microtremors useful in site response evaluation? Bull Seismol Soc Am 84(5):1350–1364
- 29. Nakamura YA (1989) Method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Q Rep Railw Tech Res Inst (RTRI) 30:1
- 30. NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) (2000) Recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures, Part 1, Provisions, FEMA 368. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency
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- 32. Parolai S, Richwalski S, Milkereit C, Fa¨h D (2006) S-wave velocity profiles for earthquake engineering purposes for the Cologne area (Germany). Bull Earthq Eng 4:65–94
- 33. Parolai S (2012) Investigation of site response in urban areas by using earthquake data and seismic noise, https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_43227
- 34. Shahvar M, Farzanegan E, Eshaghi A, Mirzaei H (2021) i1-net: the Iran strong motion network. Seismo Res Lett 92(4):2100–2108. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200417
- 35. Shearer PM, Orcutt JA (1987) Surface and near-surface effects on seismic waves—theory and borehole seismometer results. Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1168–1196
- 36. Sinaiean F, Mirzaei H, Farzanegan F, Salamat A (2011) Research report of “design and implementation of the down hole strong motion arrays”. No. R-609, Publications of the Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center (in Persian)
- 37. Sinaiean F (2006) Study on Iran strong motion records. Ph.D. thesis, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran
- 38. Standard No 2800 (2015) Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, vol 4. Iran: Building & Housing Research Center
- 39. Wair RB, DeJong JT, Shantz T (2012) Guidelines for estimation of shear wave velocity profiles. PEER Report 2012/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA
- 40. Williams RR, King KW, Tinsley JC (1993) Site response estimates in salt lake Valley Utah, from borehole seismic velocities. Bull Seismol Soc Am 83:862–889
- 41. Yaghmaei-Sabegh S, Hassani B (2020) Investigation of the relations between Vs30 and site characteristics of Iran based on horizontalto-vertical spectral ratios. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 128:105899
- 42. Yong A, Hough SE, Iwahashi J, Braverman A (2012) Terrain-based site conditions map of California with implications for the contiguous United States. Bull Seismol Soc Am 102:114–128
- 43. Zare M, Bard PY, Ghafory-Ashtiany M (1999) Site characterizations for the Iranian strong motion network. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18:101–123
- 44. Zhao JX, Xu H (2013) A comparison of VS30 and site period as site-effect parameters in response spectral ground-motion prediction equations. Bull Seismol Soc Am 103:1–18
- 45. Zhu C, Cotton F, Pilz M (2020) Detecting site resonant frequency using HVSR: fourier versus response spectrum and the first versus the highest peak frequency. Bull Seismol Soc Am 110(2):427–440. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190186
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-855fe3fb-fd69-4306-bf42-bb614a317bbc