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The safety of wheelchair occupants in motor vehicles

Treść / Zawartość
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Ensuring the free movement of disabled people, including the use of vehicles, is a fundamental right. Therefore, efforts should be made to draw up standards regulating both organisational and technical aspects related to the construction and testing of wheelchairs. The main purpose of the paper is a review the literature related to wheelchair transport safety and the current standards for wheelchair crash testing Wheelchair users must securely and safely attach their wheelchair to the vehicle when travelling. The most common methods include securing with a four-belt system or using docking systems. Docking systems allow the disabled person to restrain the wheelchair themselves. Their main limitation is the lack of standardisation. Issues related to in-vehicle wheelchair design and testing are mainly described in international ISO standards and, in the US, in ANSI standards. Not all wheelchairs are crash tested. Before using wheelchairs, it should be checked if they can be mounted in a car. An important issue is education of wheelchair users and their carers on proper wheelchair securing. Even when wheelchairs are effectively secured, occupants in wheelchairs could be seriously and fatally injured because of improperly used and positioned belt restraints.
Rocznik
Strony
5--13
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Vehicles and Transportation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2 Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Ambrożuk D.: Problematyka prawna przewozu osób niepełnosprawnych oraz osób o ograniczonej sprawności ruchowej. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki. 2017, 3/2017 (39), 151–160, DOI: 10.18276/ptl.2017.39-14.
  • [2] Bertocci G.E. van Roosmalen L.: Wheelchair Caster Loading During Frontal Impact. Assistive Technology. 2003, 15(2), 105–112, DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2003.10131894.
  • [3] Buning M.E., Bertocci G., Schneider L.W., Manary M., Karg P., Brown D., et al.: RESNA’s position on wheelchairs used as seats in motor vehicles. Assistive Technology. 2012, 24(2), 132–141, DOI:10.1080/10400435.2012.659328.
  • [4] European Commission, Union of Equality: Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021- 2030, (Brussels): https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=8376&furtherPubs=yes (accessed on 19.09.2022).
  • [5] Frost K., Bertocci G., Smalley C.: Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint practices in paratransit vehicles. PLoS ONE. 2018, 13(1), e0186829, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186829.
  • [6] Grammenos S., Priestley M.: Statistics on Persons with Disablities (2018 EU-SILC 2018 Release 2020 version 1).
  • [7] https://dahlengineering.dk/en/products/dahl-docking-systems/ (accessed on 01.09.2022).
  • [8] https://wc-transportation-safety.umtri.umich.edu/ (accessed on 01.09.2022).
  • [9] http://www.ezlock.net/ (accessed on 01.09.2022).
  • [10] International Best Practice Guidelines. BPG1 Transportation of People Seated in Wheelchairs. 1st Revision 2019: https://www.pmguk.co.uk/data/page_files/Best%20Practice/BPG1%201st%20REVISION%202019.pdf (accessed on 19.09.2022).
  • [11] Jaśkiewicz M., FrejD.,Poliak M.: Simulation of a dummy crash test in Adams. Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina. 2022, 24(1), B20–B28, DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2022.1.B20-B28.
  • [12] Klinich K.D., Manary M.A., Orton N.R., Boyle K.J., Hu J.: A Literature Review of Wheelchair Transportation Safety Relevant to Automated Vehicles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022, 19(3), 1633, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031633.
  • [13] Prochowski L., Gidlewski M., Ziubiński M., Dziewiecki K.: Kinematics of the motorcar body side deformation process during front-to-side vehicle collision and the emergence of a hazard to car occupants. Meccanica. 2021, 56(4), 901–922, DOI: 10.1007/s11012-020-01274-3.
  • [14] Prochowski L., Ziubinski M., Gidlewski M.: Experimental and analytic determining of changes in motor cars’ positions in relation to each other during a crash test carried out to the FMVSS 214 procedure. 11th International Science and Technical Conference Automotive Safety. 2018, 1–5, DOI:10.1109/AUTOSAFE.2018.8373302.
  • [15] Ritchie N.L., Manary M.A., Bertocci G.E., Schneider L.W.: Validation of a surrogate wheelchair base for evaluation of wheelchair seating system crashworthiness. Proceedings of the RESNA 29th Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2006.
  • [16] Senín A.R., Sáez L.M., Corral T.V.: Experimental evaluation of the wheelchair occupant protection under different impact conditions using commercial wheelchairs. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2006, 11(5), 425–441, DOI: 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0113.
  • [17] Stasiak-Cieślak B., Malawko P., Szczepański T.: Automotive Services Centre for the Disabled Persons review of research and development works in 2015-2020. Motor Transport. 2021, 63(1), 29–33, DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0014.8158.
  • [18] Transport of Wheelchair Seated Passengers ‘Travel Safe’ Guidance. Posture and Mobility Group: www.pmguk.co.uk (accessed on 01.09.2022).
  • [19] Turkovich M.J., van Roosmalen L., Hobson D.A., Porach E.A.: The Effect of City Bus Maneuvers on Wheelchair Movement. Journal of Public Transportation. 2011, 14(3), 147–169, DOI: 10.5038/2375-0901.14.3.8.
  • [20] Wheelchair and Wheelchair Tiedown/Restraint Testing at UMTRI: https://www.rercwts.org/RERC_ WTS2_KT/RERC_WTS2_KT_Stand/WC19_Docs/WC_WTORS_CrashTesting@UMTRI07.pdf (accessed on 01.09.2022).
  • [21] Van Roosmalen L., Karg P., Hobson D., Turkovich M., Porach E.: User evaluation of three wheelchair securement systems in large accessible transit vehicles. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2011, 48(7), 823–38, DOI: 10.1682/JRRD.2010.07.0126.
  • [22] Van Roosmalen L, Ritchie Orton N, Schneider L.: Safety, usability, and independence for wheelchair-seated drivers and front-row passengers of private vehicles: A qualitative research study. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2013, 50(2), 239–52. DOI: 10.1682/JRRD.2011.11.0217
  • [23] Yonkman J., O’Neil J., Talty J., Bull M.J.: Transporting children in wheelchairs in passenger vehicles: a comparison of best practice to observed and reported practice in a pilot sample. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2010, 64(5), 804–808, DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2010.09162.
Uwagi
The article was prepared as part of the project no. POWR.03.05.00-00-CW07/20-00 entitled: "Knowledge Centre on Accessibility to Transport and Mobility of People with Special Need" co-financed by the European Social Fund under the Operational Program Knowledge Education Development 2014-2020.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-84f2abfa-7d9d-4b60-8bc2-5857160f201d
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