Chipped and ground stone implements from the Middle Neolithic site of Polgár 31 (north-east Hungary)

• Autorzy: Kaczanowska M. , Kozłowski J. K. , Sümegi P.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The site of Polgár 31 (Ferenci-hát) is situated on the left bank of the Upper Tisza, within the so-called “Polgár Island”. The site consists of single features dated at the Alföld Linear Pottery Culture (ALP) I-III, while the majority of features belong to the youngest phase (ALP IV) attached to the Bükk Culture. Our analysis focuses on both the chipped stone and the ground stone implements. The most important raw material used for the chipped stone industry of ALP IV phase was obsidian, followed by limno-hydroquartzites. Extra local raw materials played a minor role. Both in the case of obsidian as well as limnohydroquartzites on-site production was limited, while most artefacts were produced off-site. The structure of retouched tools shows that end-scrapers dominate slightly over marginally retouched blades. The most commonly exploited raw material in the ground stone industry were various types of rhyolites deriving from the areas 40 to 50 km north of the site. Among tools predominate implements related to food preparation such as a variety of grinding stones, pestles, grinders etc. As part of rituals these tools were destroyed. Sometimes the fragments were used for crushing mineral dyes. Both: fragments of ground stone as well as chipped stone tools occur also in the graves.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Neolithic; ALP; Tisza Basin; Bükk Culture; obsidian; chipped stone; ground stone; traceology

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Umiejętności
• Czasopismo: Folia Quaternaria
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: nr 84
• Strony: 5--66
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Kaczanowska M.

• Polish Academy of Arts and Science, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland

autor

Kozłowski J. K.

• Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University, Gołębia 11, 31-007 Kraków, Poland

autor

Sümegi P.

• University of Szeged, Department of Geology and Palaeontology, B.O.B. 658, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary

Bibliografia

• 1. Bánesz L., 1991. Neoliticka dielna na vyrobu obsidianovej industrie v Kašove. Vychodoslovenský Pravek 3: 39–68.
• 2. Biró K., 1998. Lithic implements and the circulation of raw materials in the Great Hungarian Plain during the Late Neolithic Period. Budapest: Hungarian National Museum.
• 3. Bácskay E., 2000. Microwear analysis of some scrapers from the Late Neolithic site Polgár-Csőszhalom (NE Hungary) (in) A la recherché de l’Homme Préhistorique. ERAUL, 95: 153–162.
• 4. Bánffy E., 1997. Cult objects of the Neolithic Lengyel Culture. Budapest:Archaeolingua.
• 5. Biehl P., 2000. Neue Untersuchungen zur intentionalen Zerstőrung frühkupferzeitlichen Menschenstauetten Bulgariens. In: S. Kadrow, (Ed), A Turning of Ages, 25–46, Kraków: PAN
• 6. Chapman J., 2001. Fragmentation analysis and social relations in later Balkan prehistory In: B. Ginter, B. Drobniewicz, B. Kazior, M. Nowak, M. Połtowicz, (Eds) Problems of the Stone Age in the Old World. Kraków: Jagellonian University.
• 7. Dibble H., Schurmans U. A., Iovita R. P., Mclughlin M. V., 2005. The measurement abd interpretation of cortex in lithic assemblages. American Antiquity, 70(3): 545–560.
• 8. Dočkalová M., Koštuřík P., 1997. Seskupeni hrobu nositelu kultury s linearni keramikou na neolitickem sidlišti v Tĕšeticich-Kyjovicich okr. Znojmo. Sbornik Praci Filozoficke Fakulty Brnĕnske Univerzity. XLV: 5–30.
• 9. Georgijev G. I. 1967. Beiträge zur Erforschung des Neolithikums und der Bronzezeit in Bulgarien. Archaeologia Austriaca 42: 90–144
• 10. Gyarmati P. 1974. Tarcal-Tokaj. Magyarázó a Tokaji-hegység földtani térképéhez. 25.000 sorozat, MÁFI Kiadvány, Budapest, p.67.
• 11. Gyarmati P., 1977. Tokaj-hegység. MÁFI Évkönyve, p. 136. Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest.
• 12. Höckmann O., 1965. Menschliche Darstellungen in den bandkeramichen Kulturen. Jahrbuch des Romisch- Geramanischen Zentralmuseums in Mainz 12: 1–33.
• 13. Jámbor Á., 1971. A magyarországi szarmata. Földtani Közlöny, 101: 103–106.
• 14. Janšák S., 1935. Pravĕke sidliska s obsidianovou industriou na vychodnim Slovensku. Bratislava.
• 15. Kaczanowska M., 1985. Rohstoffe, Technik und Typologie der neolithischen Feuersteinindustrien in Nordteil des Flussgebietes der Mitteldonau. PWN Warszawa.
• 16. Kaczanowska M., Kozlowski J. K., 1990. Chipped stone industry of the Vinča Culture In: Vinča and its World, 35–47.
• 17. Kaczanowska M., Kozlowski J. K., 2002. Bükk Culture lithic assemblage from Humenne, Eastern Slovakia. Študijne Zvesti AU SAV 34: 65–90.
• 18. Kaczanowska M., Kozłowski J. K., Šiška S., 1993. Neolithic and Eneolithic chipped stone industries from Šarišske Michal’any, Eastern Slovakia. Jagellonian University, Kraków.
• 19. Kalicz N., Makkay J., 1977. Die Linienbandkeramik in der Grossen Ungarischen Tiefebene. Akademiai Kiado Budapest.
• 20. Kaminská L., 2001. Die Nutzung von Steinrohmaterialien im Paläolithikum der Slovakei. Quartär 51/52: 81–106.
• 21. Kozák M., Rózsa P., 1982. The geological evolution history and morphological outlines of Tokaj-Nagyhegy. Acta Geographica Debrecina 20: 167–190.
• 22. Kozłowski J. K., 1990. The lithic industry of the Eastern Linear Pottery Culture in Slovakia. Slovenská Archeologia 37(2): 377–410.
• 23. Kozłowski J. K., (Ed) 1997. The Early Linar Pottery Culture in Eastern Slovakia. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków
• 24. Kuper R., Löhr H., Lüning J., Stehli P., Zimmermann A., 1977. Der Bandkeramische Siedlungsplatz Langweiler 9. Beiträge zur neolitischen Besiedlung der Aldehovener Platte. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 28, Köln.
• 25. Makkay J., 1978. Mahlsteine und des rituelle Mahlen in den prähistorischen Opferzeremonien. Acta Archaeologica Hungarica, 30: 13–36
• 26. Mester Z., Tixier J., 2013. Pot à lames: the Neolithic blade depot from Boldogkőváralja (Nord-East Hungary) In: A. Anders, G. Kulcsár, (Eds) Moments in Time, Budapest, 173–186.
• 27. Milisauskas S., 1986. Early Neolithic settlement and society at Olszanica. Ann Arbor.
• 28. Pelegrin J., 2000. La technique de debitage laminaire au Tardiglaciaire: criteres de diagnose et quelques reflexions. In: L”Europe Centrale et Septentrionale au Tardiglaciaire. Memoires du Musee de Prehistoire de l‘Ile de France, 7: 73–85.
• 29. Podborský V., et al., 2002. Dve pohrebšte neolitickeho lidu s linearni keramikou ve Vedrovicich na Morave. Brno.
• 30. Raczky P., Anders A. 2003. The internal relations of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture in Hungary and the characteristics of human representations In: E. Jerem, P. Raczky, (eds), Morgenrot der Kulturen. Archaeolingua, Budapest: 155–182.
• 31. Raczky P., Anders A., 2009. Settlement history of the Middle Neolithic in the Polgár micro-region (the development of the Alföld Linearband Pottery in the Upper Tisza Region, Hungary). In: J. K. Kozłowski (Ed.) Interactions between different models of Neolithization north of the Central European agro-ecological barrier., PAU Kraków: 31–50.
• 32. Renfrew C., Dixon J. E., Cann I. R., 1966. Obsidian and early cultural contact in the Near East. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society N.S. 32: 30–72.
• 33. Roubet C., 1989. Methods of analysis of grinding implements. In: The Prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniya, 2: 470–473, Southern Methodist University Dallas.
• 34. Rózsa P., Kozák, M. 1981. A tokaji Nagy-hegy dacittípusának kőzettani viszonyai. Acta Geographica Debrecina 20: 191–215.
• 35. Simán K., Wolf M., 1986. A Herman Ottó Múzeum ásatásai és leletmenetései 1984-ben. A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 24: 347–353.
• 36. Takács-Biró K., 1986. The raw material stock for chipped stone artefacts in the Northern Mid-Mountains Tertiary in Hungary.In: Papers of the 1st International Conference on Prehistoric Flint Mining and Lithic Raw Material Identification in the Carpathian Basin. Budapest, 1: 183–195.
• 37. Vandier J., 1958. Manuel d’archeologie egyptienne, vol. 3, Paris.
• 38. Vértes L., 1965. The depot of silex blades from Boldogkőváralja. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 17: 128–136.
• 39. Williams-Thorpe O., Warren S. E., Nandris J. G., 1987. Characterization of obsidian sources and artefacts from Central and Eastern Europe, using instrumental neutron analysis. In: Proceedings of the Ist International Conference on Prehistoric Mining and Lithic Raw Material Identification in the Carpathian Basin. Budapest, 2: 271–279.
• 40. Zimmermann A., 1988. Steine. In: Der Bandkeramische Siedlungsplatz Langweiler 8, Gemeinde Aldenhover, Kreis Düren, Rheinische Ausgrabungen 28: 569–785.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).