The level of perceived boredom at work and behavioral strategies

• Autorzy: Lipka Anna , Waszczak Stanisław

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29119/1641-3466.2024.202.21

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between the level of boredom experienced at work and the strategies chosen as the most effective - either offensive (non-escapist strategies, i.e., strategies for enriching the employee experience) or defensive (boreout strategies/escapist strategies) - strategies for dealing with this experience. This requires first developing a typology of offensive strategies. Design/methodology/approach: A diagnostic survey was used to obtain data, and to verify the hypothesis, an attendance analysis and an index of deviation from equal distribution were applied separately to the two aforementioned groups of strategies. The survey included questions based on an abbreviated version of the Boredom Vulnerability Scale and a typology of boreaut strategies in the literature. Findings: It was confirmed that independently from the level of perceived boredom at work may be preferred defined offensive and defensive behavioral strategies. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of the survey are related to the diagnostic survey method used. The methodological and empirical knowledge gained is intended to improve the methodology of planned future nationwide representative surveys. Practical implications: The results of the survey may be useful to employers who want to understand employees' experiences of boredom and who want to improve those experiences - in line with the Employee Experience idea. Social implications: Boredom at work can imply undesirable behaviors and financial consequences for employers. They are associated with, among other things, the deterioration of employees' health and their counterproductive conduct. Originality/value: The originality relates to the included research context (Employee Experience) and the typology of non-escapist strategies proposed based on this context, as well as to - relating to employee behavioral strategies towards boredom - the results of empirical studies differentiating defensive and offensive strategies.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

boredom at work; boreout strategies; work experience enrichment strategies; employee experience

PL

nuda w pracy; strategie radzenia sobie z nudą; strategie wzbogacania doświadczenia zawodowego; doświadczenia pracowników

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: z. 202
• Strony: 355--368
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Lipka Anna

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0849-0935

autor

Waszczak Stanisław

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-0431

Bibliografia

• 1. Anzman, M. (2020). The employee experience solution. Transform Employee Engagement, improve workplace culture, and drive results. Denver: Losen Your White Collar Publications.
• 2. Bench, S., Lench, H.C. (2013). On the Function of Boredom. Behavioral Sciences, 3(3), pp. 459-472. Doi:10.3390/bs3030459, 24.05.2024.
• 3. Biolocati, R., Passini, S., Mancini, G. (2016). I cannot stand the boredom. "Binge drinking expectancies in adolescence". Addictive Behaviours Reports, 3, 70-76. Doi.org/10.1016/ j.abrep.2016.05.001, 19.05.2024.
• 4. Bochoridou, A., Gkorezis, P. (2023). Perceived overqualification, work-related boredom, and intention to leave: examining the moderating role of high-performance work systems. Person Cented Review, https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0048-3486, 23.05.2025.
• 5. Brühlmann, T. (2015). Müdigkeit bei Burnout. Gesundheitsschädigender Stress durch Über- oder Unterforderung. Swiss Medical Forum, 15(17), pp. 387-390.
• 6. Burska, K., Cieśla, B., Jachimowska, K., Kudra, B. (2016). Kreatywność językowa w reklamie. Podręcznik nie tylko dla specjalistów. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
• 7. Chruszczewski, M.H. (2020a). Nuda. Ujęcie psychologiczne i humanistyczne. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
• 8. Chruszczewski, M.H. (2020b). Nuda i jej typologie. Kultura - Społeczeństwo - Edukacja, no. 1(17), pp. 211-233. Doi.org/10.14746/kse.2020.17.10.1, 19.05.2024.
• 9. Cieśla, B. (2017). Autoprezentacja firm copywritterskich. In: B. Cieśla, M. Pietrzak (Eds.), Kreatywność językowa w literaturze i mediach. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
• 10. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1985). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. The experience of Play in Work and Games. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
• 11. Cumming, M.L., Gao, F., Thornburg, K.M. (2016). Boredom in the workplace: a new look an old problem. Human factors, 58, pp. 279-300, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0018720815609503, 24.05.2024.
• 12. Eastwood, J.D., Frischen, A., Fenske, M.J., Smilek, D. (2012). The unengaged mind: defining boredom in terms of attention. Perspectives on psychological science, 7(5), pp. 482-495. Doi: 10.1177/1745691612456044, 23.05.2024.
• 13. Elpidonou, A. (2018). The good of boredom. Philosophical Psychology, 31(3), pp. 323- 351. Doi:10.1080/09515089.2017.1346240, 23.05.2024.
• 14. Flakus, M. (2018). Wstępna charakterystyka psychometryczna polskiej adaptacji podatności na nudę (BPS). Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 783-802, 11.05.2024.
• 15. Gałecki, P., Szulc, A. (2023). Psychiatria. Rozpoznania według ICD-11, vol. I-II. Wrocław: Edra Urban & Partner.
• 16. Goldberg, Y.K., Eastwood, J.D., LaGuardia, Danckert, J. (2011). Boredom: an emotional experience distinct from apathy, anhedonia, or depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(6), pp. 647-666. Doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.6.647, 20.05.2024.
• 17. Harju, L., Hakanen, J.J., Schaufeli, W.B. (2014). Job boredom and its correlates in 87 Finnish organizations. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(9), pp. 911-918. Doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000248, 23.05.2024.
• 18. Harris, M.B. (2000). Correlates and characteristics of boredom proneness and boredom. Journal of Applied Psychology, 30(3), 576-598. Doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816. 2000.tb02), 21.05.2024.
• 19. ICD-11 Coding Tool. https://icd.who.int/ct/icd11mms/en/2024-01, 25.05.2024.
• 20. Lee, C.M., Neighbors, C., Woods, B.A. (2007). Marijuana motives: young adult's reasons for using marijuana. Addictive behaviours, 32(7), pp. 1384-1394. Doi:10.1016/j.addbeh. 2006.09.010, 19.05.2024.
• 21. LePera, N. (2011). Relationship between Boredom Proneness, Mindfulness, Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use. The New School Psychology Bulletin, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 15- 25, https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220831992, 18.05.2024.
• 22. Lie, J., Kaltiainen, J., Hakanen, J.J. (2024). Job boredom as an antecedent of four states of mental health: life satisfaction, positive functioning, anxiety, and depression symptoms among young employees - a latent change score approach. BMC Public Health, 24, 907, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18430-z, 14.05.2024.
• 23. Lipka, A., Król, M. (2021). Rynek doznań. Moduły doświadczeń podczas tworzenia i percepcji ilustracji. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach.
• 24. Lowy, J., Henry, R. (2016). FAA Suspends Controller for Watching. Movie on Duty, https://www.postandcourier.com/faa-suspendes-controller-for-watching-movie-on- duty/article 789158fg-b639-589d-ad1c-57b2ca03b28a.html, 25.05.2024.
• 25. Mann, S., Cadman, R. (2014). Does being bored make us more creative? Creativity Research Journal, 26(2), pp. 165-173. Doi:10.1080/10400419.2014.901073, 17.05.2024.
• 26. Mercer-Lynn, K.B., Huntere, J.A., Eastwood, J.D. (2013). Is trait boredom redundant? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(8), pp. 897-916. Doi:10.1521/ jscp.2013.32.8.897, 19.05.2024.
• 27. Messmer, K.-U., Akbas, Y. (2017). Kündigungsgrund Boreout. Hinweise zur Symptomserkennung und Prävention. Heidelberger Hochschulverlag.
• 28. Nęcka, E. (2012). Psychologia twórczości. Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
• 29. Ohlmeiner, S. (2023). Langeweile ist politisch. Was ein verkanntes Gefühl über unsere Gesellschaft verrät. Wien/Berlin: Leykam Buchverlag.
• 30. Pine, II J., Gilmore, J. (2011). The Experience Economy. Boston: Harvard Business Review.
• 31. Raffaelli, Q., Mill, C., Christoff, K. (2018). The knows and unknowns of boredom: a review of the literature. Experimental brain research, 236, pp. 2451-2462. Doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-4922-7, 26.052024.
• 32. Rothlin, P., Werder, P.R. (2007). Diagnose Boreout. Warum Unterforderung im Job krank macht. München: Redline Verlag.
• 33. Rothlin, P., Werder, P.R. (2014). Unter-fordert. Diagnose Boreout - wenn Langweile krank macht. München: Redline Verlag.
• 34. Scherenberg, V. (2013). Über- und Unterforderung am Arbeitsplatz: Burn und Boreaut. Public Health Forum, 22, Heft 82, pp. 16-17. Doi: 10.1016/j.phf, 24.05.2024.
• 35. Schmitt, B.H. (2010). Experience Marketing: Concepts, Frameworks and Consumer Insights. Foundations and TrendsR in Marketing, 5(2), 55-112. Doi:10.1561/1700000027, 4.05.2024.
• 36. Schulze, G. (2005). Die Erlebnisgesellschaft. Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.
• 37. Sommers, J., Vodanovich, S.J. (2000). Boredom proneness: its relationship to psychological- and physical-health symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 1, pp. 149-155. Doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200001)56:13.0.CO;2-Y, 17.05.2024.
• 38. Spaeth, M., Weichhold, K., Silbereisen, R.K. (2015). The development of leisure boredom in early andolescence: predictors and longitudinal association with delinquency and depression. Developmental psychology, 51(10), pp. 1380-1394. Doi:10.1037/a0039480, 23.05.2024.
• 39. Spanouli, A., Hofmans, J., Dalai, R. (2023). Coping with daily boredom: Exploring the relationships of job boredom, counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and cognitive reappraisal. Motivation and Emotion, 47, pp. 810-827. Doi:10.1007/s11031-023-10017-2, 23.05.2024.
• 40. Sutarto, A.P., Izzah, N. (2022). Do Job Boredom and Distress Influence Self-Report Individual Work Performance? Case Study in an Indonesia Muslim Fashion Industry. Journal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 21(1), pp. 1-9.
• 41. Van Hooft, M., Van Hooft, E. (2022). Dealing with daily boredom at work: does self-control explain who engages in distractive behavior or job crafting as a coping mechanism? Work & Stress, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 248-268. Doi:10.1080/02678373.2022.2129515, 21.05.2024.
• 42. Van Tilburg, W.A.P., Igou, E.R. (2017). Boredom begs to differ: differentiation from other negative emotions. Emotion, 17.2, pp. 309-322. Doi: 10.1037/emo0000233, 22.05.2024.
• 43. Vodanovich, S.J., Kass, S.J., Andrasik, F., Gerber, W.-D., Niederberger, U., Breaux, C. (2011). Culture and gender differences in boredom proneness. North American Journal of Psychology, 13.2, pp. 221-230.
• 44. Weybnight, E.H., Schulenberg, J., Caldwell, L.L. (2020). More bored today than yesterday. National trends in adolescent boredom from 2008 to 2017. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(3), pp. 360-365, 20.05.2024.
• 45. Yakobi, O., Danckert, J. (2021), Boredom proneness is associated with noisy decision- making, not risk-taking. Experimental Brain Research, 239, pp. 1807-1825.
• 46. Zimbardo, P.G., Johnson, R.L., McCann, V. (2010). Psychologia. Kluczowe koncepcje. Warszawa: PWN.
• 47. Zuckermann, M. (1994). Behavioral Expressions and Social Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge University Press.