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Abstrakty
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of external load at varying hand positions on discomfort, and to provide a new classification of external load. An experiment was carried out in which 16 postures with an external load of 0, 1.5, 3 kg were tested. The postures were controlled by 2 independent variables of hand distance and hand height. The subjects were instructed to rate their perceived discomfort with magnitude estimation after holding a given posture for 1 min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited that the main effects of the 3 independent variables were statistically significant for discomfort. Discomfort increased linearly with external load and hand distance. Hand height showed a quadratic relation with discomfort, which exhibited a slightly different trend from hand distance and external load. Based on the results, a new classification of external load was proposed with 3 classes grouped by perceived discomfort.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
397--408
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
autor
- Division of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
autor
- Division of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
Bibliografia
- 1.Ayoub MM, Mital A. Manual materials handling. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 1989.
- 2.Chaffin DB, Andersson GBJ, Martin BJ. Occupational biomechanics. 3rd ed. New York, USA: Wiley; 1999.
- 3.Winkel J, Mathiassen SE. Assessment of physical work load in epidemiologic studies: concepts, issues and operational considerations. Ergonomics. 1994;37:979-88.
- 4.Bernard B, editor. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors (DHHS (NIOSH) publication No. 97-141). Cincinnati, OH, USA: NIOSH; 1997. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/pdfs/97-141.pdf.
- 5.Armstrong TJ. Upper-extremity posture: definition, measurement and control. In: Corlett N, Wilson J, Manenica I, editor. The ergonomics of working postures. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 1986. p. 59-73.
- 6.Andrews DM, Norman RW, Wells RP, Neumann P. Comparison of self-report and observer methods for repetitive posture and load assessment. Occupational Ergonomics. 1998;1(3):211-22.
- 7.Karhu O, Kansi P, Kuorinka I. Correcting working postures in industry: a practical method for analysis. Appl Ergon. 1977;8(4):199-201.
- 8.McAtamney L, Corlett EN. RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Appl Ergon. 1993;24(2):91-9.
- 9.Hignett S, McAtamney L. Rapid entrie body assessment (REBA). Appl Ergon. 2000;31(2):201-5.
- 10.Corlett EN, Bishop RP. A technique for assessing postural discomfort. Ergonomics. 1976;19(2):175-82.
- 11.Corlett EN, Manenica I. The effects and measurement of working postures. Appl Ergon. 1980;11(1):7-16.
- 12.Grandjean E, Hunting W. Ergonomics of posture-review of various problems of standing and sitting posture. Appl Ergon. 1977;8:135-40.
- 13.Chung MK, Lee I, Kee D. Assessment of postural load for lower limb postures based on perceived discomfort. Int J Ind Ergon. 2003;31(1):17-32.
- 14.Kee D, Karwowski W. LUBA: an assessment technique for postural loading on the upper body based on joint motion discomfort and maximum holding time. Appl Ergon. 2001;32(4):357-66.
- 15.Genaidy A, Barkawi H, Christensen D. Ranking of static non-neutral postures around the joints of the upper extremity and the spine. Ergonomics. 1995;38(9):1851-8.
- 16.Genaidy AM, Karwowski W. The effects of neutral posture deviations on perceived joint discomfort ratings in sitting and standing postures. Ergonomics. 1993;36(7):785-92.
- 17.Putz-Anderson V, Galinsky TL. Psychophysically determined work durations for limiting shoulder girdle fatigue from elevated manual work. Int J Ind Ergon. 1993;11(1):19-28.
- 18.Carey EJ, Gallwey TJ. Effects of wirst posture, pace and exertion on discomfort. Int J Ind Ergon. 2002; 29(2):85-94.
- 19.Kee D. Investigation on perceived discomfort depending on external load, upper limb postures and their duration. Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers. 2004;30(2):76-83. In Korean.
- 20.Park Y. Perceived discomfort evaluation of varying shoulder postures with external loads [unpublished master thesis]. Pohang, Korea: Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 2004. In Korean.
- 21.Miedema MC, Douwes M, Dul J. Recommended maximum holding times for prevention of discomfort of static standing postures. Int J Ind Ergon. 1997;19(1):9-18.
- 22.Na S. An observational evaluation method for postural stress associated with an external load based on the perceived discomfort [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Pohang, Korea: Pohang. University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 2006.
- 23.Armstrong T, Punnett L, Ketner P. Subjective worker assessment of hand tools used in automobile assembly. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1989;50(12):639-45.
- 24.Gescheider GA. Psychophysics: method, theory, and application. 2nd ed. Hilllsdale, NJ, USA: Erlbaum; 1985.
- 25.Han SH, Song M, Kwahk J. A systematic method for analyzing magnitude estimation data. Int J Ind Ergon. 1999;23(5-6):513-24.
- 26.Grandjean E. Fitting the task to the man: a textbook of occupational ergonomics. 4th ed. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 1988.
- 27.Montgomery DC. Design and analysis of experiments. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley; 1984.
- 28.Boussenna M, Corlett EN, Pheasant ST. The relation between discomfort and postural loading at the joints. Ergonomics. 1982; 25(4):315-22.
- 29.Kee D. Effects of external load and upper extremity postures on perceived discomfort. Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety. 2002;17(4):178-83. In Korean.
- 30.Dul J, Douwes M, Smitt P. Ergonomics guidelines for the prevention of discomfort of static postures can be based on endurance data. Ergonomics. 1994;37(5):807-15.
- 31.Juul-Kristensen B, Fallentin N, Ekdahl C. Criteria for classification of posture in repetitive work by observation method: a review. Int J Ind Ergon. 1997;19(5):397-411.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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