Challenges and opportunities of the Maritime Silk Road initiative for EU countries

• Autorzy: Oziewicz Ewa , Bednarz Joanna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17402/358

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century (MSR) is one of the two largest and most ambitious projects announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, under the current name, the Belt and Road Initiative. The main aim of this paper is to assess the opportunities and risks of the maritime portion of this project for EU countries. The authors would like to draw the attention of readers to the possible goals behind the MSR, especially now, when numerous doubts connected with the Chinese initiative have risen. The authors analyze the situation and the consequences of the MSR Initiative for European ports and shipping companies, as well as for other infrastructure and sectors connected with seaborne trade as a part of the blue economy. The MSR creates not only opportunities for developing a blue economy in EU countries, but also competitive risks. EU countries should keep in mind the growing importance of the blue economy for China (including marine industries, the exploitation of ocean resources, and services such as tourism and transport), especially since it already currently represents around 10% of Chinese GDP. It is also worth highlighting that the sea lanes of communication from China to Europe through the Malacca-Suez route are among the busiest in the world. Twenty-five percent of world trade passes through the Malacca Strait alone. This should convince EU countries to pay more attention to China’s activity at sea.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Maritime Silk Road; BRI; China; EU countries; FDI; blue economy; competitiveness

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: nr 59 (131)
• Strony: 110--119
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys. tab.

Twórcy

autor

Oziewicz Ewa

• Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Ekonomiczny, Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego 119/121 Armii Krajowej St., 81-824 Sopot, Poland

autor

Bednarz Joanna

• Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Ekonomiczny, Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego 119/121 Armii Krajowej St., 81-824 Sopot, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Baker Mckenzie (2017) Silk Road Associates, Belt & Road: Opportunity & Risk. The prospects and perils of building China’s New Silk Road. [Online] Available from: https:// www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2017/10/belt-road/baker_mckenzie_belt_road_report_2017.pdf?la=en [Accessed: July 15, 2019].
• 2. Baldwin, D.A. (1985) Economic statecraft. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• 3. Bednarz, J. & Markiewicz, M. (2015) From confrontation to cooperation – institutional support in building cooperation of Polish enterprise’s. Oeconomia Copernicana 6, 3, pp. 89–116.
• 4. Bieliński, T., Markiewicz, M. & Oziewicz, E. (2019) Do Central and Eastern Europe Countries Play a Role in the Belt and Road Initiative? The Case of Chinese OFDI into the CEE–16 Countries. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 22, 2, pp. 7–22.
• 5. Cabañas, J.M.G. (2019) Old Roads and New Paradigms: On the Last BRI Summit – OpEd. [Online] May 1. Available from: https://www.eurasiareview.com/ [Accessed: July 20, 2019].
• 6. Chin, J. (2017) China Says Prepared to Lead Global Economy if Necessary. The Wall Street Journal, January 23.
• 7. Chiński Sen (2019) Chiński Sen króluje na morzu (część 1). Z prof. Toshim Yoshiharą rozmawia J. Piekutowski. [Online] May 10. Available from: https://nowakonfederacja.pl/ chinski-sen-kroluje-na-morzu-czesc-1/ [Accessed: July 14, 2019].
• 8. De Soyres, F., Mulabdic, A., Murray, S., Rocha, R. & Ruta, M. (2018) How Much Will the Belt and Road Initiative Reduce Trade Costs? World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 8614, October.
• 9. Descamps, M. (2019) The Ice Silk Road: Is China a ‘NearArctic-State’? [Online] February. Available from: www. isdp.eu [Accessed: July 19, 2019].
• 10. Dreyer, E.L. (2007) Zheng He. China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
• 11. Duchâtel, M. & Sheldon-Duplaix, A. (2018) Blue China: Navigating the Maritime Silk Road to Europe. [Online] April 23. Available from: www.ecfr.eu [Accessed: July 20, 2019].
• 12. Dunning, J.H. & Narula, R. (1993) Transpacific Foreign Direct Investment and the Investment Development. [Online] September. Available from: https://www.merit.unu. edu/publications/rmpdf/1993/rm1993-024.pdf [Accessed: July 12, 2019].
• 13. Dunning, J.H. (1986) The Investment Development Cycle Revisited. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 122, pp. 667–676.
• 14. European Commission (2018) Press release, Commission welcomes agreement on foreign investment screening framework. Brussels, 20 November 2018.
• 15. Fardella, E. & Prodi, G. (2017) The Belt and Road Initiative Impact on Europe: An Italian Perspective. China & World Economy 25, 5, pp. 125–138.
• 16. Gupta, A.K. & Govindarajan, V. (2002) Cultivating a global mindset. Academy of Management Executive 16 (1), pp. 116–126.
• 17. Hache, E. & Mérigot, K. (2017) Belt and Road Initiative: The Geoeconomics of Port Infrastructures. Revue Internationale et Stratégique 107, Transport and Infrastructures, pp. 85–94.
• 18. Hanemann, T., Huotari, M. & Kratz, A. (2019) Chinese FDI in Europe: 2018 trends and impact of new screening policies. A report by Rhodium Group (RHG) and the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS). [Online] March. Available from: https://www.merics.org/en [Accessed: July 10, 2019].
• 19. Henderson, J., Appelbaum, R.P. & Suet Ying, H. (2013) Characteristics: Externalization, Dynamics and Transformations. Development and Change 44(6), pp. 1221–1253.
• 20. Johnston, L.A. (2019) The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China? Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies 6, 1, Australian National University, pp. 40–58.
• 21. Koop, F. (2019) Belt and Road: The new face of China in Latin America. [Online] April 25. Available from: https:// dialogochino.net/26121-belt-and-road-the-new-face-of-china-in-latin-america/ [Accessed: July 18, 2019].
• 22. Luo, Y. & Rui, H. (2009) An Ambidexterity Perspective Toward Multinational Enterprises from Emerging Economies. Academy of Management Perspectives 23, 4.
• 23. OECD (2019) FDI in figures. [Online] April. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/investment/FDI-in-FiguresApril-2019.pdf [Accessed: July 10, 2019].
• 24. Pardo, R.P. (2018) Europe’s financial security and Chinese economic statecraft: the case of the Belt and Road Initiative. Asia Europe Journal 16, pp. 237–250.
• 25. Schwab, K. (2018) The Global Competitiveness Report 4.0. World Economic Forum.
• 26. Schwab, K. (2019) Global Competitiveness Reports 2009/2010–2018/2019. World Economic Forum.
• 27. Seaman, J., Huotari, M. & Otero-Iglesias, M. (2017) Chinese Investment in Europe. A Country-Level Approach. ETNC Report, December 2017. [Online] Available from: https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/etnc_reports_2017_final_20dec2017.pdf [Accessed: July 22, 2019].
• 28. Tonchev, P. (2017) China’s Road: into the Western Balkans. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), February. [Online] Available from: https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/Brief%203%20China%27s%20Silk%20Road.pdf [Accessed: July 22, 2019].
• 29. UNCTADstat (2019) [Online] Available from: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx- ?sCS_ChosenLang=en [Accessed: July 15, 2019].
• 30. World Bank (2007, 2018) Logistics Performance Index 2007 and 2018. [Online] Available from: https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/global [Accessed: July 22, 2019].
• 31. World Bank (2019) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Belt and Road Economics: Opportunities and Risks of Transport Corridors. Washington DC.
• 32. World Investment Report (2018) Investment and New Industrial Policies. Key Messages and Overview. UNCTAD, New York and Geneva.
• 33. Yakobashvili, T. (2013) A Chinese Marshall Plan for Central Asia? [Online] 16 October. Available from: http://www. cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/12838- a-chinese-marshall [Accessed: July 17, 2019].
• 34. Yoshihara, T. & Holmes, J.R. (2018) Red Star over the Pacific. Revised Edition: China’s Rise and the Challenge to U.S. Maritime Strategy. Annapolis, Meryland: Naval Institute Press

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).