The performance of passive methods of detecting island operation implemented in PV inverters during selected disturbances in distribution power grids

• Autorzy: Parol M. , Połecki M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/bpasts.2020.134658

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Distributed generation is an issue intensively studied in recent years. It concerns, among others protection systems of distributed generation units connected to electric power grids. The main goal of this paper is to present the issue of functional reliability of selected passive loss of mains (LoM) protection systems, i.e. methods of detecting island operation in distribution power grids, which are implemented in PV inverters installed in sample MV and LV grids, typical for Polish conditions. First, different methods of detecting island operation have been distinguished and shortly characterized. Some problems concerning their action have also been presented. Then commonly used passive methods of island grid operation detection have been described. Next sample distribution grid has been presented and chosen disturbances modelled in the grid to test mentioned passive methods have been defined. For each of the determined type of disturbance the dynamic simulation has been carried out, as well as voltage and frequency plots for two selected RES nodes have been recorded and observed. All considered passive methods of island grid operation detection have been implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment. Models of RoCoF, U/OVP and U/ OFP algorithms have been presented in diagrams. Then, results of carried out extensive studies have been shown in tables and discussed. The results are a consequence of a realized research project concerning electric grids in rural areas. Summary, final conclusions, and future research possibilities constitute the last part of the paper. The conclusions are mainly concentrated on evaluation of action of passive methods of island operation detection as well as possibility of using the methods in Polish conditions, particularly in rural distribution grids.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

distribution power grids; distributed generation; island operation detecting; passive methods; PV inverters; functional reliability

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk, Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 68, nr 5
• Strony: 1087--1098
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Parol M.

• Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Połecki M.

• Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Reliability fundamentals of system protection. Report to the planning committee, North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), December 2010.
• [2] J. Kiciński, “Do we have a chance for small-scale energy generation? The examples of technologies and devices for distributed energy systems in micro & small scale in Poland”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 61(4), 749‒756 (2013).
• [3] J. Shanmugapriyan, N. Karuppiah, S. Muthubalaji, and S. Tamilselvi, “Optimum placement of multi type DG units for loss reduction in a radial distribution system considering the distributed generation suitability index using evolutionary algorithms”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 66(3), 345‒354 (2018).
• [4] I. Wasiak and Z. Hanzelka, “Integration of distributed energy sources with electrical power grid”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 57(4), 297‒309 (2009).
• [5] G. Benysek, M.P. Kazmierkowski, J. Popczyk, and R. Strzelecki, “Power electronic systems as a crucial part of Smart Grid infrastructure – a survey”, Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 59(4), 455‒473 (2011).
• [6] P. Kacejko, Distributed generation in electric power system, Publishing House of Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, 2004 [in Polish].
• [7] M. Parol, “Operation and connecting distributed generation sources to medium voltage distribution grids”, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Rev.) 88(6), 205–210 (2012), [in Polish].
• [8] M. Parol, “Technical and legal aspects concerning operation and connecting distributed generation sources to low voltage distribution grids”, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Rev.) 89(5), 326–330 (2013), [in Polish].
• [9] M. Parol, M. Połecki, and R. Parol, “Protection systems in low voltage AC microgrids”, in Possibilities and Horizons of Eco-innovations. Energy self-sufficiency and improvement of air quality. Joint publication edited by D. Całus, J. Flasza, K. Szczepański, A. Michalski, and R. Luft, Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, 2017.
• [10] W.I. Bower and M. Ropp, “Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems,” Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (US); Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (US), SAND2002‒3591, Nov. 2002. doi: 10.2172/806700.
• [11] D.J. Sundar and S.M. Kumaran, “A comparative review of islanding detection schemes in distributed generation systems”, Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 5(4), 1016–1023 (2015).
• [12] C. Trujillo, D. Velasco, E. Figueres, and G. Garcera, “Local and Remote Techniques for Islanding Detection in Distributed Generators”, February 2010, [Online]. Available: https://www.intechopen.com/books/distributed-generation/local-and-remote-techniques-for-islanding-detection-in-distributed-generators. DOI: 10.5772/8883
• [13] A. Burek and E. Rosołowski, “Anti-islanding protections of distributed generation systems”, in Proc. V Scientific and Technical Conf. on Electric Power Distribution Networks “Networks 2004”, September 15‒17, Wrocław, Poland, 2004 [in Polish].
• [14] EN 50549‒1: 2019 Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution network – Part 1: Connection to a LV network – Generating plants up to and including Type B.
• [15] The evaluation criteria concerning the possibility of connecting and technical requirements for microinstallations and small installations connected to LV distribution network of innogy Stoen Operator Ltd., innogy Stoen Operator, Warsaw [in Polish].
• [16] The set of requirements for type A power-generating modules, including micro-installations, ver. 2, 01.01.2020, PGE Dystrybucja S.A. https://pgedystrybucja.pl/content/download/3120/file/zbior-wymagan-technicznych-rfg_ka_mikroinstalacje_wer.2_01.01.2020.pdf, [in Polish].
• [17] IEC/EN 62116: 2014 Utility – interconnected photovoltaic inverters – Test procedure of islanding prevention measures.
• [18] Y. Shang, S. Shi, and X. J. Dong, “Islanding detection based on asymmetric tripping of feeder circuit breaker in ungrounded power distribution system”, J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 3(4), 526–532 (2015).
• [19] V.L. Merlin, R.C. dos Santos, and A.P. Grilo Pavani et al., “Artificial Neural Network Based Approach for Anti-islanding Protection of Distributed Generators”, J. Control Autom. Electr. Syst. 25(5), 339–348 (2014).
• [20] M. Hou, H. Gao, B. Liu, and G. Zou, “Vector shift method for islanding detection based on simulation test”, Trans. Tianjin Univ. 14(2), 123–127 (2008).
• [21] O. Raipala, A. Mäkinen, S. Repo, and P. Järventausta, “An anti-islanding protection method based on reactive power injection and ROCOF”, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 32(1), 401–410 (2017).
• [22] Q.-T. Tran, “New methods of islanding detection for photovoltaic inverters”, in Proc. 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conf. Europe (ISGT-Europe 2016), October 9‒12, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1‒5 (2016).
• [23] M. Khodaparastan, H. Vahedi, F. Khazaeli, and H. Oraee, “A novel hybrid islanding detection method for inverter-based DGs using SFS and ROCOF”, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 32(5), 2162–2170 (2017).
• [24] D. Motter and J.C. d. M. de Melo Vieira, “The Setting Map Methodology for Adjusting the DG Anti-Islanding Protection Considering Multiple Events”, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 33(6), 2755–2764 (2018).
• [25] Yuwei Shang and Shenxing Shi, “Islanding detection method adopting single-phase-operating circuit breaker”, IET Gener. Transm. Dis., 10(4), 1039–1047 (2016).
• [26] J. C. M. Vieira, D. Salles, and W. Freitas, “Power imbalance application region method for distributed synchronous generator anti-islanding protection design and evaluation”, Electr. Pow. Syst. Res., 81(10), 1952–1960 (2011).
• [27] D. Salles, W. Freitas, J.C. M. Vieira, and B. Venkatesh, “A Practical Method for Nondetection Zone Estimation of Passive Anti-Islanding Schemes Applied to Synchronous Distributed Generators”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., 30(5), 2066–2076 (2015).
• [28] J.C.M. Vieira, W. Freitas, W. Xu, and A. Morelato, “An Investigation on the Nondetection Zones of Synchronous Distributed Generation Anti-Islanding Protection”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., 23(2), 593–600 (2008).
• [29] Saikia, H. Jyoti, and S. Mohanty, “A fuzzy logic based controller for Loss of Mains detection”, 2017 4th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section Int. Conf. on Electrical, Computer and Electronics (UPCON), Mathura, India, October 26‒28, 2017.
• [30] S.R. Samantaray, K. El-Arroudi, G. Joos, and I. Kamwa, “A Fuzzy Rule-Based Approach for Islanding Detection in Distributed Generation”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., 25(3), 1427–1433 (2010).
• [31] O. Arguence, F. Cadoux, B. Raison, and L. De Alvaro, “Impact of Power Regulations on Unwanted Islanding Detection”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 33(10), 8972‒8981 (2018).
• [32] Loss of Mains Protection. Distribution System Operability Framework (DSOF), Western Power Distribution, June 2018.
• [33] R. Bugdał, A. Dyśko, G.M. Burt, and J.R. Mc. Donald, “Performance analysis of the ROCOF and Vector Shift methods using a dynamic protection modelling approach”, in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. on Power System Protection “PSP’2006”, Bled, Slovenia, September 6‒8, 2006, 139–144.
• [34] B. Liu, X. Ni, G. Yan, B. Li, and K. Jia, “Performance of ROCOF protection in PV system”, 2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conf. (APPEEC), Xi’an, October 25‒28, 2016, 454–457.
• [35] O. Arguence, F. Cadoux, B. Raison, and L. De Alvaro, “Non-detection zone of an anti-islanding protection with rate of change of frequency threshold”, CIRED-Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017(1), 1338–1341 (2017).