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The article presents the results of tests, replaced according to the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations, of engine oils. The sample of engine oils in service came from spark-ignition and compression-ignition vehicles used in urban or mixed mode. During their collection, the type of drive unit, the mileage of the car and the number of kilometers the oil was used for were recorded for each sample (this was the main criterion for differentiating samples). In addition, a control group of samples consisting of fresh oils of the same viscosity grade and distributed by the same producer was set up to observe changes in the parameters of individual lubricants after the operating period. The first part of the empirical study consisted of determining the physico-chemical properties of the lubricants, i.e.: kinematic viscosity, density and water content. The second part involved anti-wear tests using a T-02U tribometer. The use of the tribometer made it possible to record the anti-wear parameter, i.e. moment of friction, and also the load imposed on the friction node, as a result of which it was possible to calculate the friction force and friction coefficient. The research was complemented by an analysis of worn surfaces of the friction node on a microscope. The tests carried out can be used for predictive purposes, in terms of assessing the condition of a lubricant subjected to an operating process in an internal combustion engine.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
116--122
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., il. kolor., fot., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] ASTM D 4172-94 (Method B) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method).
- [2] Chmielewski Z. Assessment of the kinetics of changes in selected physicochemical indicators of engine oil in operation. Combustion Engines. 2022;188(1):24-29. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-1413
- [3] EN ISO 12937:2000 Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method.
- [4] EN ISO 20623:2018 Petroleum and related products - Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properties of fluids - Four ball method (European conditions).
- [5] EN ISO 3104:2020 Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity.
- [6] EN ISO 3675:1998 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density.
- [7] Farhanah AN, Bahak MZ. Engine oil wear resistance. Journal Tribologi. 2015;4:10-20. https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v4/JT-V4-10-20.pdf (accessed on 15.05.2023).
- [8] Fatima N, Minami I, Holmgren A, Marklun P, Berglund K, Larsson R. Influence of water on the tribological properties of zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate and over-based calcium sulphonate additives in wet clutch contacts. Tribol Int. 2015; 87:113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.02.006
- [9] Ghannam MT, Selim MYE, Khedr MAM, Bin Taleb NAG, Kaalan NR. Investigation of the rheological properties of waste and pure lube oils. Fuel. 2021;298:120774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120774
- [10] Holmberg K, Erdemir A. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction. 2017;5: 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-017-0183-5
- [11] Hu E, Hu X, Liu T, Fang L, Dearn KD, Xu H. The role of soot particles in the tribological behavior of engine lubricating oils. Wear. 2013;304:152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.05.002
- [12] Idzior M, Aging of engine oils and their influence on the wear of an internal combustion engine. Combustion Engines. 2021;185(2):15-20. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-138033
- [13] Idzior M, Wichtowska K. Study on the influence of vehicle run on changes of engine oil properties. Autobusy: technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe. 2016;17(6):900-904.
- [14] Jakóbiec J, Budzik G. Agents influencing degree of engine oil during exploitation. Arch Automot Eng. 2007;3:209-216.
- [15] Jędrychowska S. Optimalization of water determination conditions by coulometric titration method with evaporation for lubricating oils. Nafta-Gaz. 2021;7;480-489. https://doi.org/10.18668/NG.2021.07.07
- [16] Landowski B, Baran M. Analysis of changes in the value of selected lubricant characteristics during use. MATEC Web Conf. 2019;302:01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930201009
- [17] Landowski B, Baran M. Analysys of selected results of engine oil tests. MATEC Web Conf. 2019;302:01010. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930201010
- [18] Mikołajczak J. Tribotestery. Editor PWSZ Piła 2019.
- [19] Ryniewicz A, Bojko Ł, Madej T. Estimation of viscosity engine oils using rotational rheometer. SJSUTST. 2014;83: 225-234.
- [20] Sejkorová M, Hurtová I, Jilek P, Novák M, Voltr O. Study of the effect of physicochemical degradation and contamination of motor oils on their lubricity. Coatings. 2021;11(1): 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010060
- [21] Thapliyal P, Thakre GD. Correlation study of physico-chemical, rheological and tribological parameters of engine oils. Adv Tribol. 2017:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1257607
- [22] Zaharia C, Niculescu R, Clenci A, Iorga V. Analyse of used oil in order to emit diagnosis interpretations of the diesel engine operation. Rom J Automot Eng. 2019;25(1):5-11.
- [23] Zaharia C, Niculescu R, Iorga-Siman V, Ducu CM. Diagnosing the operation of a locomotive diesel engine based on the analysis of used oil in the period between two technical revisions. Int Cong Automotive and Transport Engineering, Brasov, Romania. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45447-4_36
- [24] Zaharia C, Niculescu R, Năstase M, Clenci A, Iorga-Simăn V. Engine oil analysis to evaluate the degree of its wear during the period of operation of the vehicle. IOP Conf Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2022;1220:012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1220/1/012037
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-8256e1e2-9939-446f-85b5-ccb90f8a224e