Nanoparticles, nanofibres and their combinations in bone tissue engineering – a review

• Autorzy: Bacakova L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Nanostructured materials are considered as promising scaffolds for advanced tissue engineering. The reason is that the nanostructure of a material resembles the nanoarchitecture of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), e.g., its organization into nanofibres, nanocrystals, nanosized folds of ECM molecules, etc. On nanostructured surfaces , the cell adhesion - mediating ECM molecules adsorb in an appropriate geometrical orientation which gives cell adhesion receptors access to specific sites in ECM molecules, such as amino acid sequences like Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) , which serve as ligands for these receptors [1 - 3]. In addition, these materials enhance the adsorption of vitronectin, which is recognized preferentially by osteoblasts over other cell types [1 - 3]. Nanostructured materials have therefore been considered as suitable particularly for bone tissue engineering. Our studies have focused on carbon and hydroxy apatite nanoparticles as components of substrates for colonization with human bone - derived cells in vitro. Carbon nanoparticles, namely nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and fullerenes C 60, have been used in the form of films deposited on carbon, glass, silicon and metallic substrates [3-4]. These films were o f continuous (NCD) or micropatterned (C 60 ) morphology , and have been intended for surface modifications of bone and dental implants [5], or for creating surfaces enabling regionally -selective cell adhesion and directed cell growth [6]. NCD films were also doped with boron, which resulted in improved adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation (measured by the production of collagen I, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase content) of human osteoblast-like M G 63 cells [7]. These beneficial effects can be explained by the increased electrical conductivity of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films, and can be further enhanced by active electric stimulation of cells. Some nanoparticles were also incorporated into polymeric matrices, e.g. foils of a terpolymer of polytetra fluoroethylene, poly vinyldi fluoride and poly- propylene ( carbon nanohorns, carbon nanotubes ) or nano fibres prepared by an electrospinning technique from polylactide, PLA (hydroxyapatite nanoparticles ) or poly( lactide-co-glycolide), PLGA (nanodiamond). All these composite substrates promoted the adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in an extent similar to or even better than standard cell cultivation substrates , such as polystyrene dishes or microscopic glass coverslips. The adhesion and growth of MG 63 cells was particularly improved on the terpolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluoride and polypropylene enriched with 4 wt. % of single-wall carbon nanohorns or multi-wall carbon nanotubes [3, 4]. The osteogenic differentiation of MG 63 cells (measured by concentration of osteocalcin) was enhanced on nanofibrous polylactide scaffolds loaded with 15 wt % of hydroxyapatite. On PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with approx. 23 wt. % of diamond particles, the number of initially adhering MG 63 cells on day 1 after seeding and the following growth dynamics of the cell swere similar to the values on pure PLGA scaffolds [8]. However, the cells on PLGA meshes reinforced with nanodiamond formed larger and more numerous talin-containing focal adhesion plaques. In addition, these plaques in cells on PLGA-nanodiamond scaffolds were localized not only at the cell periphery but also in the central part of the cells (FIG (1). Thus, it can be concluded that nanoparticle-modified materials are more promising than their non-modified counterparts f or colonization with bone cells, f or construction o f bone implants and f or bone t issue engineering.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

bone tissue engineering; nanoparticles; nanofibres

• Wydawca: Polish Society for Biomaterials in Cracow
• Czasopismo: Engineering of Biomaterials
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 14, no. 109-111 spec. iss.
• Strony: 4--5
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Bacakova L.

• Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Physiology, Videnska 1083 Prague 4-Krc, 142 20 Czech Republic

Bibliografia

• [1] Webster T.J., Ergun C ., Doremus R.H., Siegel R.W., Bizios R.: Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 51 ( 3 ) :475-483, 2000. r
• [2] Price R.L., Ellison K., Haberstroh K.M., Webster T.J.: Nanometer surface roughness increases select osteoblast adhesion on carbon nanofiber compacts. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 70 (1): 129-138, 2004.
• [3] Bacakova L., Grausova L., Vandrovcova M., Vacik J., Frazcek A A ., Blazewicz S ., Kromka A., Vanecek M., Nesladek M., Svorcik V., Kopecek M.: Carbon nanoparticles as substrates for cell adhesion and growth. In: Nanoparticles: New Research. Lombardi S .L., Editor. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2008, p. 39-107.
• [4] Bacakova L., Grausova L., Vacik J., Fraczek A., Blazewicz S., Kromka A., Vanecek M., Svorcik V.: Improved adhesion and growth of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells on biomaterials modified with carbon nanoparticles. Diamond Relat. Mater. 16 (12): 2133-2140, 2007.
• [5] Grausova L., Bacakova L., Kromka A., Potocky S ., Vanecek M., Nesladek M., Lisa V.: Nanodiamond as a promising material for bone tissue engineering . J.Nanosci Nanotechnol. 9 (6): 3524-3534, 2009.
• [6] Grausova L., Vacik J., Bilkova P., Vorlicek V., Svorcik V., Soukup D., Bacakova M., Lisa V., Bacakova L.: Regionally-selective adhesion and growth o f human osteoblast-like M G 63 cells on micropatterned fullerene C 60 layers. J. Optoelectron Adv. Mater. 10 (8): 2071-2076, 2008.
• [7] Grausova L., Kromka A., Burdikova Z., Eckhardt A., Rezek B., Vacik J., Haenen K., Lisa V., Bacakova L.: Enhanced growth and osteogenic differentiation o f human osteoblast-like cells on boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin films. PLoS One 6 (6): e20943, 2011.
• [8] Parizek M., Douglas T.E.L., Kromka A., Renzing A., Voss E., Brady M.A., Warnke P.H., Bacakova L.: Human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in cultures on nanofibrous PLGA membranes loaded with nanodiamonds. Inzynieria Biomaterialów-Engineering of Biomaterials XIII (94): 11-13, 2010.