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Multifunctionality of product systems - a general insight from the circular economy’s perspective

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
One of the key and simultaneously the most difficult issues within the methodology of the environmental life cycle assessment (as well as related life cycle-based techniques) is solving the problem of the multifunctionality of product systems, which includes the questions crucial for the circular economy: reuse, recycling, transforming by-products into valuable (in the market aspect) co-products, prolonging durability. The present paper aims at familiarizing the questions of multifunctionality and presenting the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF), which has been developed within the pilot stage of the European Commission project related to the common methods of measurement and communication the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations. An example of PET bottles has been presented and two scenarios have been analysed: (1) a scenario with no recycling (a recycling content = 0 and a recycling rate = 0) and (2) a scenario with recycling (recycling content = 0.24 and recycling rate = 0.24). Calculations of life cycle emissions of CO2 have been made by using the CFF formula. An idea of division environmental burdens and credits between supplier and user of the recycled material has been shown and explained as well.
Twórcy
  • Poznan University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Commodity Science, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] ISO 14040 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and Framework (2006).
  • [2] Recommendation 2013/179/EU Commission Recommendation of 9 April 2013 on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations (2013).
  • [3] ISO 14067 Greenhouse gases - Carbon footprint of products - Requirements and guidelines for quantification (2018).
  • [4] ISO 14046 Environmental management - Water footprint - Principles, requirements and guidelines (2014).
  • [5] M. Finkbeiner, The International Standards as the Constitution of Life Cycle Assessment: The ISO 14040 Series and its Offspring [IN] W. Kloepffer, Background and Future Prospects in Life Cycle Assessment, Springer, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London, pp.85-106 (2014).
  • [6] https://www.ecoinvent.org.
  • [7] ISO/TS 14072 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines for organizational life cycle assessment (2014).
  • [8] Life Cycle Assessment A product-oriented method for sustainability analysis. UNEP LCA Training Kit Module g - Multifunctionality, allocation & system boundaries. http://formations.cirad.fr/analyse-cycle-de- vie/pdf/Heijungs_1.pdf (accessed 20.09.2018).
  • [9] A. Śliwińska State of the Art on Allocation in LCA and Proposals for Changes in ISO 14044 (Stan wiedzy na temat alokacji w LCA oraz propozycje zmian w normie ISO 14044). Engineering and Protection of Environment (Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska). 20/1 (2017) 97-119.
  • [10] http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/joint-products.html (accessed 20.09.2018).
  • [11] C. Morettia, A. Moroa, R. Edwardsa, M.V. Roccob, E. Colombob, Analysis of standard and innovative methods for allocating upstream and refinery GHG emissions to oil products, Appl. Energy. 206 (2017) 372-181.
  • [12] R. Frischknecht, Allocation in Life Cycle Inventory Analysis for Joint Production, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 5/2 (2000) 85-95.
  • [13] https://consequential-lca.org/glossary/ (accessed 22.09.2018).
  • [14] J. Guinée (Ed.) Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment. Operational Guide to ISO standards. Part 3. Springer. 2002.
  • [15] N.W. Ayer, P. H. Tyedmers, N. L. Pelletier, U. Sonesson, A. Scholz, Co-Product Allocation in Life Cycle Assessments of Seafood Production Systems: Review of Problems and Strategies, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 12/7 (2007) 480-487.
  • [16] C. E. Canter, J. B. Dunn, J. Han, Z. Wang, M. Wang, Policy Implications of Allocation Methods in the Life Cycle Analysis of Integrated Corn and Corn Stover Ethanol Production, Bioenerg. Res. 9 (2016) 77-87.
  • [17] https://www.ecoinvent.org/database/system-models-in-ecoinvent-3/cut-off-system-model/allocation-cut- off-by-classification.html (accessed 22.09.2018).
  • [18] ISO 14044 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (2006).
  • [19] Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules Guidance Version 6.3 - May 2018 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/PEFCR_guidance_v6.3.pdf (accessed 22.09.2018).
  • [20] Organisation Environmental Footprint Sector Rules Guidance Version 6.3 - May 2018 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/OEFSR_guidance_v6.3.pdf (accessed 22.09.2018).
  • [21] CFF_Default_Parameters_March2018.xls http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/PEFCR_OEFSR_en.htm (accessed 22.09.2018).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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