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Absolute pitch is defined as an ability to identify musical pitch of single tones presented in isolation. There has been so far little empirical research investigating in detail how people with absolute pitch perceive musical pitch, so absolute pitch is still surrounded by mystery. This article summarizes a series of the author’s experiments exploring the perception of musical pitch and melodies by listeners having absolute pitch. Absolute pitch has been considered an important part of musical ability, and is assumed to be acquired primarily through early music training at the age from 3 to 6 years. However, critically important is relative pitch (pitch relations) on which melodies and harmonic structures are constructed. In contrast, absolute pitch that enables its possessors to name isolated tones is not crucial to music. Moreover, the experimental findings suggest that absolute pitch may sometimes be disadvantageous for musicians since it may, in some cases, be incompatible with processing and learning of relative pitch.
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Tom
Strony
529–--540
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys.
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autor
- Niigata University Faculty of Humanities Department of Psychology Ikarash-2-no-cho 8050 950-2181 Niigata, Nishi-ku, Japan
Bibliografia
- [1] BACHEM A., Tone height and tone chroma as two different pitch qualities, Acta Psychologica, 7, 80–88 (1950).
- [2] BACHEM A., Absolute pitch, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 1180–1185 (1955).
- [3] BAHARLOO S., JOHNSTON P. A., SERVICE S. K., GITSCHER J., FREIMER N. B., Absolute pitch: an approach for identification of genetic and nongenetic components, American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 224–231 (1998).
- [4] BAHARLOO S., SERVICE S. K., RISCH N., GITSCHER J., FREIMER N. B., Familial aggregation of absolute pitch, American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, 755–758 (2000).
- [5] BRADY P. T., Fixed-scale mechanism of absolute pitch, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 48, 883–887 (1970).
- [6] GREGERSEN P. K., KOWALSKY E., KOHN N., MARVIN E. W., Early childhood music education and predisposition to absolute pitch: teasing apart genes and environment, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 98, 280–282 (2000).
- [7] MEYER M., Is the memory of absolute pitch capable of development by training?, Psychological Review, 6, 514–516 (1899).
- [8] MILLER G. A., The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information, Psychological Review, 63, 81–97 (1956).
- [9] MIYAZAKI K., Absolute pitch identification: Effects of timbre and pitch region, Music Perception, 7, 1–14 (1989).
- [10] MIYAZAKI K., The speed of musical pitch identification by absolute pitch possessors, Music Perception, 8, 177–188 (1990).
- [11] MIYAZAKI K., RAKOWSKI A., Recognition of notated melodies by possessors and nonpossessors of absolute pitch, Perception and Psychophysics, 64, 1337–1345 (2002).
- [12] MIYAZAKI K., Recognition of transposed melodies by absolute-pitch possessors, Japanese Psychological Research, 46, 270–282 (2004).
- [13] MIYAZAKI K., OGAWA Y., Learning absolute pitch by children: A cross-sectional study, Music Perception, 24, 63–78 (2006).
- [14] MOORE B. C. J., An introduction to the psychology of hearing, 5-th Ed., Academic Press, London 2003.
- [15] MOORE G., Am I too loud? Memoirs of an accompanist, Hamish Hamilton, London 1979.
- [16] POLLACK I., The information of elementary auditory displays, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 745–749 (1952).
- [17] PROFITA J., BIDDER T. G., Perfect pitch, American Journal of Medical Genetic, 29, 763–771 (1988).
- [18] RÉVÉSZ, G., Zur Grundlegung der Tonpsychologie, Veit, Leipzig 1913.
- [19] RÉVÉSZ, G., Introduction to the psychology of music, Longmans, London 1953.
- [20] SERGEANT D., Experimental investigation of absolute pitch, Journal of Research in Music Education, 17, 135–143 (1969).
- [21] STUMPF C., Tonpsychologie, Bd.1., Hirzel, Leipzig 1883.
- [22] TAKEUCHI A., HULSE S., Absolute-pitch judgments of black- and white-key pitches, Music Perception, 9, 27–46 (1991).
- [23] TAKEUCHI A., HULSE S., Absolute pitch, Psychological Bulletin, 113, 345–361 (1993).
- [24] WEDELL C. H., The nature of the absolute judgment of pitch, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17, 485–503 (1934).
- [25] WELLEK A., Das absolute Gehör und seine Typen, Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie und Charakterkunde-Beihefte, 83, 1–368 (1938).
- [26] WELLEK A., Musikpsychologie und Musikästhetik: Grundriss der systematischen Musikwissenschaft, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, 1963.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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