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Desaru is a popular tourist destination located on the east coast of the state of Johor. The area has been identified for further development to enhance tourism. This presents a pollution risk to its surrounding watercourses. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential risk of contamination towards rivers located in the crux of the development region, namely the Terumpah, Che Minah, Semangar, Beluntu, Penawar Besar, and Mertang Besar Rivers. Water quality and hydraulic measurements were made at these rivers, with the intention of developing a numerical model. The model results showed deterioration in BOD5 and NH3-N in the Semangar River, up to 4.0 mg/dm3 and 0.34 mg/dm3, respectively. The Beluntu River experienced the highest degradation, to about 14.0 mg/dm3 of BOD5 and 0.8 mg/dm3 of NH3-N. The waste assimilative capacity (WAC) for the Matang Besar, Che Minah and Beluntu Rivers were very limited, with a class III BOD5 limit of 15, 43, and 10 kg/day, respectively, whereas the Terumpah River is not able to accept any BOD load without breaching the same threshold.
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Tom
Strony
49--60
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 16 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
autor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
autor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
autor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Bibliografia
- [1] FAN C., CHUN-HAN K., WANG W.S., An innovative modeling approach using QUAL2K and HEC-RAS integration to assess the impact of tidal effect on river water quality simulation, J. Environ. Manage., 2009, 90 (5), 1824.
- [2] FAN C., WANG W.S., Application of Streeter and Phelps equation to the aquatic environment management – a case study based on water quality monitoring data of Keelung river, Taiwan, EIA06-003, 2006, 4, 35.
- [3] American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Ed., APHA, AWWA & WEF, USA, 2005.
- [4] Department of Environment, Study on Pollution Prevention and Water Quality Improvement of Kuantan Basin, Pahang, DOE, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2010.
- [5] ZAINUDIN Z., RASHID Z.A., JAAPAR J., Agricultural non-point source modeling in Bertam, Cameron Highlands using QUAL2E, Mal. J. Anal. Sci., 2009, 13 (2), 170.
- [6] CHAPRA S.C., PELLETIER G., TAO H., QUAL2K. A modeling framework for simulation river and stream water quality ver. 2.04, US EPA, Athens, Georgia, USA, 2005.
- [7] BOWIE G.L., MILLS W.B., PORCELLA D.B., CAMPBELL C.L., PAGENKOPF J.R., RUPP G.L., JOHNSON K.M., CHAN W.H., GHERINI S.A., CHAMBERLAIN C. E., Rates, Constants and Kinetics Formulations in Surface Water Quality Modeling, 2nd Ed., US EPA, Athens, Georgia, USA, 1985.
- [8] DAVIS M.L., CORNWELL D.A., Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill Press, New York 1998.
- [9] MARTIN J.L., A dynamic one-dimensional model of hydrodynamics and water quality. EPD-RIV 1, 1st Ed., US EPA, Athens, Georgia, USA, 2002.
- [10] Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Revised by G. Tchobanoglous, F.L. Burton, H.D. Stensel, Wastewater Engineering. Treatment and Reuse, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 2004.
- [11] Department of Environment, Environmental Quality Report 2008, DOE, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2008.
- [12] BUTTS T.A., SCHNEPPER D.H., EVANS R.L., Dissolved Oxygen Resources and Waste Assimilative Capacity of the La Grange Pool, Illinois River, 1st Ed., State of Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, USA, 1970.
- [13] MILLS W.B., BOWIE G.L., GRIEB T.M., JOHNSON K.M., WHITTEMORE R.C., Handbook. Stream Sampling for Waste Load Allocation Applications, 1st Ed., US EPA, Washington D.C., USA, 1986.
- [14] CHURCHILL M.A., ELMORE H.L., BUCKINGHAM R.A, Prediction of stream reaeration rates, Int. J. Air, Water, Pollut., 1962, 6, 467.
- [15] NOVOTNY V., KRENKEL P.A.A., Waste assimilative capacity model for a shallow, turbulent stream, Water Res., 1974, 9 (2), 233.
- [16] SAWYER C.N., MCCARTY P.L., PARKIN G.F., Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Professional, New York 2003.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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