Adaptation of fire services to climate change in Poland and Hungary. General assumptions

Gromek, Pawel; Pantya, Peter

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0054.1462

Powiadomienia systemowe

Sesja wygasła!

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Adaptation of fire services to climate change in Poland and Hungary. General assumptions

Autorzy

Gromek Pawel , Pantya Peter

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

2_Gromek_Pantya_Adaptation_ZN_SGSP_88_2_2023.pdf

Pobierz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0054.1462

Warianty tytułu

Adaptacja straży pożarnych do zmiany klimatu w Polsce i Węgrzech. Główne założenia

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The research objective of this study is to develop assumptions for the adaptation of fire services to climate change based on Polish and Hungarian solutions. Adaptation seems to be an optimal way of preparing fire services for new challenges related to climate change. An analysis of this adaptation allows investigating effective organizational and highly implementable solutions in this context. From a methodological viewpoint, the research is based on the following 4-step approach: a) an analysis of the fire service domain in Poland and Hungary; b) an analysis of the determinants for fire service operation as related to climate change in the chosen countries; c) forecasting of climate change consequences for fire services in Poland and Hungary; and d) formulation of adaptation assumptions. The fire service domains in Poland and Hungary are similar enough to consider common adaptation methods to climate change consequences. Climate change does not directly shape the operation of fire services in these countries, but rather serves as a source of important considerations. The determinants comprise both naturally triggered and man-made hazards, and they may increase in number and severity due to climate change. The adaptation should involve operational organization, equipment and personal safety as well as operational continuity, effective cooperation and the employment of modern technologies for rapid detection and analysis of multiple hazards, in such a way forming a common operational picture that enhances situational awareness.

Celem badań jest określenie założeń adaptacji straży pożarnych do zmiany klimatu w oparciu o polskie i węgierskie rozwiązania. Adaptacja wydaje się być optymalną drogą do przygotowania straży pożarnych na nowe wyzwania związane ze zmianą klimatu. Analiza tej adaptacji pozwala określić efektywne organizacyjne i wysoce implementowalne rozwiązania w tym kontekście. Z metodycznego punktu widzenia, badania zostały opracowane na podstawie podejścia 4 kroków: a) analizy domeny działań straży pożarnej w Polsce i Węgrzech; b) analizy uwarunkowań działań straży pożarnej w odniesieniu do zmian klimatu w wybranych państwach; c) prognozowania skutków zmiany klimatu na straże pożarne w Polsce i Węgrzech; d) sformułowaniu założeń adaptacji. Domeny działań straży pożarnej w Polsce i Węgrzech są wystarczająco podobne do uwzględnienia wspólnych metod adaptacji do skutków zmiany klimatu. Zmiana klimatu nie kształtuje działań straży pożarnych w tych państwach bezpośrednio, ale raczej służy jako źródło ważnych determinantów. Determinanty te zawierają zarówno zagrożenia pochodzenia naturalnego, jak i te wywoływane przez człowieka. W związku ze zmianą klimatu ich liczba i konsekwencje mogą wzrastać. Adaptacja powinna obejmować sposób zorganizowania, sprzęt i bezpieczeństwo osobiste, jak również ciągłość, efektywne współdziałanie i wdrażanie nowoczesnych technologii dla szybkiej detekcji i analizy zróżnicowanych zagrożeń, a w takim sposób tworzenie wspólnego obrazu operacyjnego zwiększającego świadomość sytuacyjną.

Słowa kluczowe

climate change fire fire service adaptation disaster disaster risk reduction

zmiana klimatu pożar straż pożarna adaptacja katastrofa redukcja ryzyka katastrof

Wydawca

Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

Czasopismo

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Nr 88 (tom 2)

Strony

23--45

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 60 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Gromek Pawel

pgromek@apoz.edu.pl

Fire University

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-5069

autor

Pantya Peter

University of Public Service Ludovika

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-2766

Bibliografia

1. ADRC, (2023). Natural Disaster Databook 2022 An Analytical Overview. Kobe: Asian Disaster Research Center.
2. Polish Act, (1991). Polish Act dated on 24 August 1991 on fire protection (2022.2057).
3. Berki I., Rajnai A., (2019) Heros Aquarex S/10 D/7, Budapest, Hungary: BM HEROS, ISBN 978615-007347-7.
4. Bodnar, L., Pantya, P., (2019). The Threat of Forest and Vegetation Fires and the Possibilities of Intervention in Hungary. Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, no. 18(3), pp. 21–31. https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/aarms/article/view/1016
5. Cohen, S.I., (1999). European structural patterns applied to transition economies: assessment for Poland and Hungary. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, no. 33, pp. 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0121(99)00008-7
6. CTIF, (2023). International Association of Fire and Rescue Services [Online]. https://ctif.org [26.06.2023].
7. DM, (2021). Disaster Management 2021. National Directorate General for Disaster Management, Ministry of Interior: Budapest [Online]. Available at: https://www.katasztrofavedelem.hu/application/uploads/yearbook/public/2021/eng/index.html [26.06.2023].
8. EU-ASEAN, (2022). EU Green Deal. EU-ASEAN Strategic Partnership 2022 [Online]. Available at: https://euinasean.eu/eu-green-deal/ [12.07.2023].
9. Executory Law, (2021). Polish Executory Law of Ministry of Interior and Public Administration dated on 17 September 2021 on particular organization of national firefighting and rescue system.
10. FBU, (2010). Climate Change. Key issues for the fire and rescue service [Online]. Available from: https://www.fbu.org.uk/publications/climate-change-key-issues-fire-andrescue-service [13.07.2023].
11. Feltynowski, M., (2023). Union Civil Protection Mechanism as an International Policy Tool Supporting Ukraine. Polish Political Science Yearbook, no. 52, pp. 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202304.
12. GAR, (2022). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
13. Garner, J.M., Iwasko, W.C., Jewel, T.D., Charboneau, B.R., Dodd, A.A., Zontos, K.M., (2020). A Multihazard Assessment of Age-Related Weather Vulnerabilities. Weather, Climate, and Society, no. 12(3), pp. 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCASD-19-0124.1
14. GOV, (2023). European Green Deal. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Republic of Poland [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/europejski-zielony-lad-european-green-deal [12.07.2023].
15. GR1163, (2020). Government Resolution 1163/2020 on 21 April 2020 on Hungary’s National Security Strategy.
16. Gromek, P., (2018). In the Network of Rescue (Polish: W sieci ratownictwa). Warsaw: Publishing House of the Main School of Fire Service.
17. Gromek, P., (2021). Societal dimension of disaster risk reduction. Conceptual framework. Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP, no. 77, pp. 33–54.
18. Gromek, P., (2022). Adaptive strategy in preparing fire brigades to disasters in Poland. Multimedia presentation on International Conference on Planning, Challenges of Disaster Management and Resilience, 11–13 February 2022, Athens.
19. Gromek, P., (2023). Epidemic Risk Reduction. A Civil Protection Approach. New York- Oxon: Routledge.
20. Gromek, P., Wojakowska, M., (2021). To Manage Societal Security in COVID-19: Operational Continuity of Fire Rescue Service in Disaster Conditions. European Research Studies Journal, no. XXIV(3), pp. 833–850. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2386
21. Hacaga, M., (2019). Zmiany klimatu jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego w świetle dokumentow administracji amerykańskiej XXI wieku. Politeja, no. 3(60), pp. 289-302. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.16.2019.60.19
22. Horvath L., (2023). A tűzoltó egyéni védőeszközök fejlesztési lehetőségei ergonómiai szempontok alapján, In: Gőcze, Istvan; Padanyi, Jozsef Husz ev a katonai műszaki tudomanyok szolgalataban: A katonai műszaki tudomanyok tudomanyag időszerű kerdesei, aktualis tudomanyos kutatasi eredmenyei - Hallgatoi kotet, Budapest, Hungary: Ludovika University Press 295, pp. 71–80.
23. IFAFRI, (2023). Capability Gaps. International Forum to Advance First Responder Innovation [Online]. Available at: https://www.internationalresponderforum.org/capability-gaps-overview [12.07.2023).
24. IPCC, (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
25. Jackovics, P., (2013). A katasztrófavédelem megújított rendszere. Honvédorvos, no. 65(3–4), pp. 92–93, http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/57448.
26. Janik, P., Zawistowski, M., Fellner, R., Zawistowski, G., (2021). Unmanned Aircraft Systems Risk Assessment Based on SORA for First Responders and Disaster Management. Applied Sciences, no. 11(12), 5364. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125364
27. Kozioł, J., Gikiewicz, M., Gromek, P., Szklarski, Ł., (2021). EU-SENSE system in mass gathering evacuation. Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP, no. 81(1), pp. 175–197. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6484
28. NES. (2008). National Climate Change Strategy 2008-2025 [Online]. Available at: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/61768_nationalclimatechangestrategyofhung.pdf. [27.06.2023].
29. Ovari, A., Kovacs, A. D., Farkas, J. Z., (2023). Assessment of local climate strategies in Hungarian cities. Urban Climate, no. 49, 101465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101465
30. Owen, G., McLeod, J.D., Kolden, C.A., Ferguson, D.B., Bown, T.J., (2012). Wildfire Management and Forecasting Fire Potential: The Roles of Climate Information and Social Networks in the Southwest United States. Weather, Climate, and Society, no. 4(2), pp. 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-11-00038.1
31. Pantya, P., (2015). The basic equipment for protection of Hungarian firemen. Bolyai Szemle 1416-1443, no. 20 (1), pp. 9–18.
32. Pántya, P., (2021) Situation and possibilities of technical development of fire and disaster management organizations. American Journal of Research Education and Development, no. 21(3), pp. 1–15.
33. Pantya, P., (2022). International Good Practices in the Activities of Fire and Disaster Management Organisations. Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, 21(2), pp. 15–40. https://doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2022.2.2
34. Pantya, P., (2023). Műszaki fejlesztési lehetőségek a tűzoltóságok légzésvédelme terén. Hadmérnök, no. 18(1), pp. 75–92. https://doi.org/10.32567/hm.2023.1.6
35. Paris Agreement, (2016). The Paris Agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
36. Purpura, P.P., (2019). 12 – Resilience, Risk Management, Business Continuity, and Emergency Management. In: Security and Loss Prevention. Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 355–392.
37. Rapacka, P., (2023). Lack of coordination and monitoring slows climate adaptation in Poland [Online]. Available from: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/lackcoordination-and-monitoring-slows-climate-adaptation-poland [27.07.2023].
38. ReliefWeb, (2023). https://reliefweb.int/disasters [13.11.2023].
39. Restas, A., Pantya, P., Horvath, L., (2015). Disaster management from the viewpoint of fire protection in Hungary. From the effectiveness of fire prevention to the safety of firefighters: Complexity of the firefighters’ work in crisis situations. Advances in Environmental Sciences – International Journal of the Bioflux Society, no. 7(2), pp. 272–276.
40. Restas, A., (2018). The effects of global climate change on fire service. Human resource view. Procedia Engineering, no. 211, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.001
41. Ritchey, T., (2013). General Morphological Analysis. A general method for nonquantified modeling [Online]. Available from: https://www.swemorph.com/ma.html [28.07.2023].
42. Ritchey, T., Stenström, M., Eriksson, H., (2002). Using Morphological Analysis for evaluating Preparedness for Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials [Online]. Available from: https://www.swemorph.com/pdf/chem2.pdf [28.07.2023].
43. Rychard, A., (2001). Success and Pitfalls in Comparison: A Case Study of Poland and Hungary. Polish Sociological Review, no. 133, pp. 51–54.
44. SBN, (2020). Strategy of National Security of the Republic of Poland. Warsaw.
45. Schwartz, S.A., (2018). War, Climate Change, and Migration. EXPLORE, no. 14(3), pp. 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2018.03.006
46. SFS, (2021). The Bulletin of the State Fire Service for the Year 2021. Warsaw: The Main Headquarters of the State Fire Service.
47. SILVANUS, (2023). Integrated Technological and Information Platform for wildfire Management. Project website [Online]. Available from: https://silvanus-project.eu/ [30.07.2023].
48. Sovacool, B.K., Baum, C., Low, S., (2023). The next climate war? Statecraft, security, and weaponization in the geopolitics of a low-carbon future. Energy Strategy Reviews, no. 45, 101031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.101031
49. Torpey, J., (2022). A Most Similar Comparison: The Authoritarianism of Poland and Hungary with Edit Zgut-Przybylska [Online]. Available from: https://www.gc.cuny.edu/news/most-similar-comparison-authoritarianism-poland-and-hungary-editzgut-przybylska [26.07.2023].
50. Trzpil, M., (2008) Zmiany klimatyczne we współczesnym świecie jako element bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe, no. 7–8, pp. 281–300.
51. UNDRR, (2020). Hazard Definition & Classification Review. Technical Report. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
52. UNFCCC, (2006). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Handbook [Online]. Available from: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/publications/handbook.pdf [13.07.2023].
53. UNISDR, (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
54. Urbán, A., (2019). The Characteristics of the Firefighter’s Protective Equipment. Műszaki Katonai Közlöny, no. 29(2), pp. 5–20. https://www.doi.org/10.32562/mkk.2019.2.1
55. Varga, F., (2019). A mentő tűzvédelem fejlesztése – önkéntes tűzoltókkal II. Védelem Katasztrófavédelmi Szemle, no. 6, pp. 5–9. https://www.vedelem.hu/letoltes/anyagok/876-a-mento-tuzvedelem-fejlesztese-%E2%80%93-onkentes-tuzoltokkal-i.pdf.
56. WEF, (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023. 18th Edition. Insight report. Cologny/Geneva: World Economic Forum in partnership with Marsh McLennan and Zurich Insurance Group.
57. WH, (2015). Findings from Select Federal Reports: The National Security Implications of a Changing Climate. Washington: The White House.
58. White Book, (2013). The White Book on National Security of the Republic of Poland. Warsaw: The National Security Bureau.
59. Wolański, R., Rabajczyk, A., (2023). Selected Aspects of Transformation of Textile Elements of Firemen’s Personal Protection. Safety and Fire Technology, no. 61(1), pp. 86–101. https://www.doi.org/10.12845/sft.61.1.2023.5
60. WorldData, (2023). World Data. Country Comparison: Poland and Hungary [Online]. Available from: https://www.worlddata.info/country-comparison.php?country1=HUN& country2=POL [26.07.2023].

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-805d8338-6bf8-4ea2-921c-6705f7a00c1f