Assessment of Lower Zab river water quality using both Canadian Water Quality Index Method and NSF Water Quality Index Method

• Autorzy: Ahmed Sarah M. , Taha Omer M.E. , Najemalden Mohamed A. , Ahmed Rehab T. , Abedulwahab Ali A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.22630/PNIKS.2020.29.2.14

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Rivers are considered the most important sources of surface water on Earth. They are play a significant role in all human activities and the quality of river water is needed. Therefore, the importance of the water quality index is arising through providing data base about quality of the water source, and explain the change in the water quality over a period of time continually. This study involved determination of physicochemical and biological parameters of Lower Zab river in Kirkuk city at two different points. The objectives of the study are to assess the present water quality, through analysis of some selected water quality parameters like pH, TDS, BOD, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, EC, alkalinity, and salinity etc. and to compare the results with the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Indices. Raw water samples were collected from the Lower Zab river twice a month by one sample every 15 days from each station. The water quality data include 16 different parameters. Tests were carried out following the American Public Health Association standard methods. The results show that all parameters values were within the standards of drinking water proposed by the CCME standards and Iraqi standards or the World Health Organization standards for drinking purpose, except turbidity, DO, nitrate, calcium, which were mostly higher than the standards and sometimes BOD and potassium. The results of WQI showed that the water quality at LZ3 station is lower than LZ2 station due to the polluting activity of the Lower Zab river. Furthermore, for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016, the water quality was degraded due to the ISIS war. Also, it was noted in the 2013 year that the water quality degraded more in fall and winter seasons due to that the earth has exposed to the long-dried season and then suddenly exposed to a high rainfall season which in turns leads to increase some parameters very high (i.e. turbidity). Finally, the Lower Zab river water cannot be use for drinking directly. However, a pretreatment is needed before the drinking use.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

NSF Water Quality Index; Canadian Water Quality Index; Lower Zab river; physicochemical parameters; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 29, No. 2
• Strony: 155--171
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 64 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Ahmed Sarah M.

• University of Kirkuk, Environmental Research, Unit 36013, Kirkuk, Iraq

autor

Taha Omer M.E.

• University of Kirkuk, Department of Civil Engineering, 36013, Kirkuk, Iraq

autor

Najemalden Mohamed A.

• Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment

autor

Ahmed Rehab T.

• Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment

autor

Abedulwahab Ali A.

• Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).