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Amoniak jako paliwo do silników o zapłonie iskrowym
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
In this work the evaluation of ammonia as potential fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines was performed. The influence of direct injection of gaseous ammonia on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emission was presented. Physicochemical properties of ammonia and gasoline, such as: octane number, fuel liquid density, heating value, the energy content of the stoichiometric mixture, ignition temperature, were compared. Possible ways of implementing ammonia supply in SI engine were described. Direct injection strategies, allowing ammonia to be used in SI engines without sacrifice of their volumetric efficiency, were presented. Based on a review of previous research results, the combustion parameters, such as: peak pressure, peak combustion temperature, flame temperature and flame speed of ammonia, were evaluated. It was found that the in-cylinder combustion using a mixture of gasoline and ammonia shows typical features of a conventional SI engine. Ammonia was considered as the potential carbon dioxide emission-free fuel, which can be used to supply SI engines.
W niniejszym artykule dokonano oceny amoniaku jako potencjalnego paliwa do silników o zapłonie iskrowym (ZI). Przedstawiono wpływ bezpośredniego wtrysku gazowego amoniaku na charakterystykę spalania oraz emisję substancji toksycznych. Porównano właściwości fizykochemiczne amoniaku i benzyny, takie jak: liczba oktanowa, gęstość w stanie ciekłym, wartość opałowa, wartość energetyczna mieszaniny stechiometrycznej, temperatura zapłonu. Opisano techniczne sposoby realizacji zasilania silnika ZI amoniakiem. Przedstawiono strategie wtrysku bezpośredniego, które umożliwiają stosowanie amoniaku w silnikach ZI bez ograniczania ich wydajności objętościowej. Na podstawie przeglądu dotychczasowych wyników badań dokonano oceny parametrów spalania amoniaku: ciśnienia szczytowego spalania, temperatury spalania szczytowego, temperatury płomienia i prędkości płomienia. Stwierdzono, że spalanie w cylindrze przy użyciu mieszaniny benzyny i amoniaku wykazuje cechy typowe dla konwencjonalnego silnika ZI. Amoniak uznano za potencjalne paliwo niepowodujące emisji dwutlenku węgla, które może być stosowane do zasilania silników ZI.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
55--61
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Vehicles, Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Institute of Vehicles, Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Institute of Vehicles, Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Institute of Vehicles, Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Institute of Vehicles, Warsaw University of Technology
Bibliografia
- [1] Sorensson S.C., Mørch C.S., Bjerre A., Gøttrup M.P., Schramm J.: Ammonia/hydrogen mixtures in a SI-engine: Engine performance and analysis of a proposed fuel system, Fuel, 2009, Vol. 90, pp. 856-864,
- [2] Lasocki J., Bednarski M., Sikora M.: Simulation of ammonia combustion in dual-fuel compression-ignition engine, International Conference on the Sustainable Energy and Enviromental Development SEED 2017, Krakow, Poland, 14–17 November 2017, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) {In print},
- [3] Modak J.M.: Haber process for ammonia synthesis, Resonance, 2002, pp. 69-77,
- [4] Michalsky R., Parman B.J., Amanor-Boadu V., Pfromm P.H.: Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses, Energy, 2012, Vol. 42, pp. 251-260,
- [5] Gill S.S., Chatha G.S., Tsolakis A., Golunski S.E., York A.P.E.: Assessing the effects of partially decarbonising a diesel engine by co-fuelling with dissociated ammonia, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, Vol. 37, pp. 6074-6083,
- [6] Brohi E.A.: Ammonia as fuel for internal combustion engines? An evaluation of the feasibility of using nitrogen-based fuels in ICE, Master’s Thesis in Sustainable Energy Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2014,
- [7] Zamfirescu C., Dincer I.: Using ammonia as a sustainable fuel, Journal of Power Sources, 2008, Vol. 185, pp. 459-465,
- [8] Reiter A.J.: Combustion and emissions characteristics of compression-ignition engine using dual ammonia-diesel fuel, Fuel, 2011, Vol. 90, pp. 87–97,
- [9] Zacharakis-Jutz G., Kong S.C.: Characteristics of an SI engine using direct ammonia injection, Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University, 2013,
- [10] Li J., Huang H., Kobayashi N., He Z., Osaka Y., Zeng T.: Numerical study on effect of oxygen content in combustion air on ammonia combustion, Energy, 2015, Vol. 93, pp. 2053-2068,
- [11] Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise – Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide. SAFEKINEX No. EVG1 CT-2002-00072,
- [12] Nozari H., Karabeyoglu A.: Numerical study of combustion characteristics of ammonia as a renewable fuel and establishment of reduced reaction mechanisms, Fuel, 2015, Vol. 159, pp. 223–233,
- [13] Duynslaegher C., Jeanmart H., Vandooren J.: Use of ammonia as a fuel for SI engine, Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting, 2009,
- [14] Zacharakis-Jutz G.: Performance characteristics of ammonia engines using direct injection strategies, Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 2013,
- [15] Grzesiak D., Popławski D., Kędzior R., Hałat A.: Ocena możliwości i zagrożeń stosowania amoniaku jako potencjalnego paliwa, Proceedings of EC Opole, 2015, Vol. 9(1), pp. 223-229,
- [16] Boretti A.: Novel dual fuel diesel-ammonia combustion system in advanced TDI engines, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, Vol. 42, pp. 7071-7076,
- [17] Ryu K., Zacharakis-Jutz G.E., Kong S.: Effects of gaseous ammonia direct injection on performance characteristics of a spark-ignition engine, Applied Energy, 2014, Vol. 116, pp. 206-215,
- [18] Appl M.: Ammonia – principles and industrial practice, Wiley-VCH, 1999,
- [19] Sikora M., Bednarski M., Orliński P.: Simulation studies and empirical research of particulate matter’s emission in diesel engine powered by liquid alternative fuels, Proceedings of the Institute of Vehicles, 2017, Vol. 3(112), pp. 23-30,
- [20] Woo Y., Jang J.Y., Lee Y.J., Kim J.: Recent progress on the ammonia-gasoline and the ammonia-diesel dual fueled internal combustion engines in Korea, 11th NH3 Fuel Conference 2014, Des Moines, USA, 22-24 September 2014.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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