Explosive Properties of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate(V) and Materials of Plant Origin – Danger of Unintended Explosion

• Autorzy: Buczkowski D.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The addition of many organic substances decreases the thermal stability and increases the explosive properties of ammonium nitrate(V). In order to determine how very material of plant origin would increase the risk of decomposition and explosion of ammonium nitrate(V), tests using the DTA method and the detonation properties were performed. The materials tested were milled ammonium nitrate(V) mixed with wheat flour, hard coal, rape seeds or wood dust. It was found that all of the mixtures tested decompose at significantly lower temperatures than ammonium nitrate(V) and ANFO explosive. Some of them decompose close to the melting temperature of ammonium nitrate(V) and their decomposition is violent. All of the mixtures tested are cap sensitive and some of them have smaller critical diameters than ANFO. The detonation velocities of the mixtures are lower than the detonation velocity of ANFO, but significantly higher than that of ammonium nitrate(V).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ammonium nitrate(V); materials plant origin; decomposition; detonation properties

• Czasopismo: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 11, no. 1
• Strony: 115--127
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Buczkowski D.

• Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, 6 Annopol St., 03-236, Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Urbański T., Chemistry and Technology of Explosives, Vol. II, Pergamon Press Oxford, 1965.
• [2] Fedoroff T.B., Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New Jersey, USA, 1960.
• [3] Rubtsov Y.I., Kazakov A.I., Lempert D.B., Manelis G.B., Kinetic Regularities of the Heat Release for the Interaction of Some Organic Compounds with Ammonium Nitrate, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2006, 31(6), 421-434.
• [4] Lurie B.A., Chang L.-S., Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Powdered Ammonium Nitrate Influenced by Soot (in Russian), Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva, 2000, 36(5), 63-73.
• [5] Patil D.G., Jain S.R., Brill T.B., Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the Fast Thermolysis Mechanism of Ammonium Nitrate and its Mixtures with Magnesium and Carbon, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1992, 17(3), 99-105.
• [6] Izato Y., Miyake A., Date S., Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate and Carbon Mixtures Based on a Thermal Decomposition Mechanism, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 2013, 38(1), 129-135.
• [7] Biskupski A., Możeński C., Malinowski P., Miduch R., Grochowski L., Safety Hazard and Quality of Nitro-chalk Fertilizers in Relation to the Product Composition and the Granulation Method (in Polish), Przem. Chem., 2013, 92(12), 2186-2191.
• [8] Wrzesiński J., Popławska-Jach J., Kołaczkowski A., Liability of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions to Spontaneous Decomposition, New Trends Res. Energ. Mater., Proc. Semin., 8th, Pardubice, 2005, 115-125.
• [9] Ohlsson J.V., Norrbin J.H., Improvements in the Preparation of Explosive Compounds, British Patent 2766, 1867.
• [10] Kozevnikov V., Detonation of Ammonium Nitrate and Mixtures with Fuels Containing Inert Additives or Not (in Russian), Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva, 1999, 35(3), 114-119.
• [11] Ye Z., Qian H., Lu C., Liu Z., Self-sensitizable Characteristics of Modified Ammonium Nitrate, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2005, 2(4), 55-62.
• [12] Maranda A., Szymański R., Tests of Critical Diameter and Detonation Velocity of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate(V) and Selected Organic Substances, Chemik, 2013, 67(1), 13-18.
• [13] Miyake A., Kobayashi H., Echigoya H., Kubota S., Wada Y., Ogata Y., Arai H., Ogawa T., Detonation Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures, J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 2007, 20, 584-588.
• [14] Kuzmin V., Kozak G., Mikheev D., Detonability of Ammonium Nitrate and Mixtures on its Base, Centr. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2010, 7(4), 335-343.
• [15] Transport regulations by road ADR (European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) or by train RID (Reglement concernant le transport International ferroviare des merchandises Dangereuses par chemin de fer), 2013.
• [16] Regulation (EC) No. 2003/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 relating to Fertilisers, Annex III.
• [17] European Standard EN 13631-15:2005 Explosives for Civil Uses – High Explosives – Part 15: Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties.
• [18] Grys S., Trzciński W.A., ZMWCyw – Program for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Explosives for Civil Uses (in Polish), Scientific Works of Central Mining Institute, No. 4/2010, Katowice.
• [19] Zygmunt B., Buczkowski D., Influence of Ammonium Nitrate Prills Properties on Detonation Velocity of ANFO, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2007, 32(5), 411-414.