Microstructure and Hardness of Cold Forged 42CrMo4 Steel Hollow Component with the Outer Flange

• Autorzy: Szala Mirosław , Winiarski Grzegorz , Bulzak Tomasz , Wójcik Łukasz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12913/22998624/152790

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

For decades, steel has been a crucial structural material. Mainly low-alloy steel grade ISO 42CrMo4 is utilized for manufacturing forgings. This paper investigates the microstructure and hardness development of the 42CrMo4 steel hollow component with an outer flange. The component has been formed via cold forging in combination with extrusion and upsetting technologies. Prior to forming, the workpiece was annealed to obtain hardness at the level of 181±9 HV0.3. The FEM analysis reveals the areas that undergo higher stress and strain. The flow lines macrostructure and microstructure of hollow parts were investigated using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS. Vickers hardness allows identifying the work hardening of the crucial element areas. The microstructure consists of ferrite matrix and semi-globular carbides. Laboratory studies confirm appropriate flow lines arrangement, which corresponds well to those shown by FEM computer simulations. The highest hardness at the level of 293±7 HV0.3 was identified in the flange area, where the material shows a higher distribution of effective strain revealed by FEM. Cold metal forming results in work-hardening of the steel. The work hardening ranges up to 1.62 of the initial 42CrMo4 steel hardness. The metal forming process did not affect the microstructural uniformity of the flanged hollow part. The final outer flange component presents high quality and is free from plastic deformation nonuniformities.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

microstructure; hardness; strain hardening; steel; extrusion; metal forming; upsetting; FEM; finite element method

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology ; Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE), Branch of PTIE in Lublin
• Czasopismo: Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 16, no 4
• Strony: 201--210
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz., fig., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Szala Mirosław

• Department of Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Poland, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618, Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-8854

autor

Winiarski Grzegorz

• Department of Metal Forming Technologies, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-6285

autor

Bulzak Tomasz

• Department of Metal Forming Technologies, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

autor

Wójcik Łukasz

• Department of Metal Forming Technologies, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).