Detecting and Locating Signal Leakages from Cable TV Networks : A Case Study

• Autorzy: Taha Hussein , Vári Péter

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/ijet.2023.146502

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Since the digitalization of terrestrial television, many countries have discontinued television broadcasting in the UHF band. The freed-up frequencies are now available as digital dividends for mobile and fixed wireless access communication networks (MFCN), particularly for 4G/5G and public safety services in broadband called BBPPDR. Since cable TV still uses the UHF band, leakage from cable TV networks is the most common cause of interference in MFCN networks. Insufficient containment of the radio frequency signals transmitted through a cable system results in cable signal leakage. This article investigates the significance of controlling electromagnetic signal leaks from cable TV networks and how they impact authorized and standardized MFCN networks in the digital dividend bands. The periodic drivetest approach to detect and measure electromagnetic leakage from a cable TV system in the 700 MHz band at a site is detailed. The causes of the detected leaks and offered the appropriate procedure to repair them are also discussed. Additionally, the current measures taken in Hungary to address cable television signal leakage in the digital dividend bands are also discussed and alternative strategies for the adopted test drive approach are proposed.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

MFCN; cable TV; signal leakage; drive test; digital dividend bands; 700 MHz

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Electronics and Telecommunication
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 69, No. 3
• Strony: 529--536
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., fot., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Taha Hussein

• Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary

autor

Vári Péter

• Department of Telecommunications, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary

Bibliografia

• [1] International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva, Switzerland. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/
• [2] ITU, “Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference for planning of the digital terrestrial broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz (RRC-06)”, Geneva, Switzerland, 15 May - 16 June 2006, pp. 1-336 [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/pub/R-ACT-RRC.14-2006/en
• [3] Juan Castro, “GE06 Agreement Articles 4 & 5”, 29th ITU World Radiocommunication Seminar 2020 (WRS-20) Online, 30 November to 4 December 2020, pp. 1-26 [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/workshops/WRS-20/Documents/GE06-agreement-Art%204-5-wrs20-final.pdf
• [4] Pascal Lamy, “Results of the work of the high-level group on the future use of the UHF band (470-790 MHZ)”, Report to the European Commission 1, 2014, pp. 1-34 [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=6721
• [5] The European Parliament and the council of the European Union, “Decision (EU) 2017/899 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on the use of the 470-790 MHz frequency band in the Union”, Strasbourg, France, 2017. pp. 1-7 [Online]. Available: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2017/899/oj
• [6] NMHH, “National roadmap for the utilization of the VHF III (174-230 MHz) and the UHF (470-790 MHz) frequency bands; the future of digital broadcasting and mobile broadband frequency use options”, National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), Budapest, Hungary, published on 20 August 2017, pp. 1-22. [Online]. Available: https://english.nmhh.hu/document/190192/uhf_vhf_3_national_roadmap_eng.pdf
• [7] Tamás István Unger, “Frequency co-ordination: MFCN Agreements in Hungary; Tasks and Challenges in the Present and for the Future”, National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), Budapest, Hungary, published on 2 July 2020, pp. 1-27. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/Europe/Documents/Events/2020/Spectrum_EUR_CIS/Tamas%20Unger%20(1).pdf
• [8] National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), Budapest, Hungary, [Online]. Available: https://english.nmhh.hu/
• [9] National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), Radio Spectrum Strategy, Hungary, December 2020, pp. 1-71 [Online]. Available: https://english.nmhh.hu/document/219290/nmhh_radio_spektrum_strategy_2021_2025.pdf
• [10] Hussein Taha, Péter Vári, and Szilvia Nagy, "On the Challenges of Mutual Interference between Cable Television Networks and Mobile Fixed Communication Networks in the Digital Dividend Bands", Infocommunications Journal, Vol. XIV, No 3, September 2022, pp. 63-71., https://doi.org/10.36244/ICJ.2022.3.8
• [11] Steve Windle, et al, “Operational Practice for Minimizing Signal Leakage in the UHF Spectrum”, JOURNAL OF NETWORK OPERATIONS, 2016, pp: 55-78. [Online]. Available: https://www.scte.org/documents/3593/SCTE-ISBE-NOS_Journal_V1N1.pdf
• [12] Engineering committee and network operations subcommittee, “Technical Report UHF Leakage, Ingress, Direct Pickup”, SCTE Technical Report, The Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE), 209, Exton, PA, USA, 2015, pp. 1-80. [Online]. Available: https://www.scte.org/documents/203/SCTE-209-2015-1575563912519.pdf
• [13] ARCOM digital, “LTE interference and CATV”, 2014, pp.1-63 [Online]. Available: https://pdf4pro.com/cdn/lte-interference-and-catv-2f0440.pdf
• [14] Ron Hranac, Greg Tresness, “Another Look at Signal Leakage; The Need to Monitor at Low and High Frequencies”, A Technical Paper prepared for the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers, SCTE Cable TEC, EXPO12, Orlando, USA, 17-19 October 2012, pp. 1-32. [Online]. Available: https://www.arcomdigital.com/wp-content/media/hranac-tresness-scte-white-paper.pdf
• [15] Maciej Sadowski, “Leakages from devices of CATV system”, IFAC-Papers Online, 51.6, 2018, pp. 490-495., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.07.108
• [16] 76.605 Technical standards, title-47, section CFR § 76.605, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-76.605
• [17] 76.609 Measurements, title 47, section CFR § 76.609, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.609
• [18] 76.613 Interference from a multichannel video programming distributor (MVPD), title-47, section CFR § 76.613, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.613
• [19] 76.611 Cable television basic signal leakage performance criteria, title-47, section CFR § 76.611, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.611
• [20] 76.614 Cable television system regular monitoring, title-47, section CFR § 76.614, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.614
• [21] 76.616 Operation near certain aeronautical and marine emergency radio frequencies, title-47, section CFR § 76.616, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.616
• [22] 76.617 Responsibility for interference, title-47, section CFR § 76.617, Cable Rules | Federal Communications Commission, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-76/subpart-K/section-76.617
• [23] Rohde & Schwarz, “R&S®EB500 Monitoring Receiver”, Product Brochure | Version 05.00, Germany, April 2015, pp. 1-28 [Online]. Available: https://scdn.rohde-schwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/EB500_bro_en_5214-3800-12_v0500.pdf
• [24] HENSOLDT, “GEW® SkyScan7 Compact multirole spectrum-monitoring and direction-finding system”, Technical Specifications and Features, Version 3.00, South Africa, 2020, pp. 1-4 [Online]. Available: https://dam.hensoldt.net/m/400432882130e952/original/GEW-SkyScan7-Brochure-English.pdf
• [25] Narda Safety Test Solutions GmbH, “IDA-3106 Interference and Direction Analyzer”, Operating Manual, Operating Manual, Germany, 2022, pp. 1-282 [Online]. Available: https://www.narda-sts.com/en/monitoring-receiver/ida-2-handheld/pd/pdfs/23446/eID/
• [26] European standards, CSN Standards, Electrical Engineering, EN 50083 series, [Online]. Available: https://www.en-standard.eu/search/?q=EN+50083
• [27] European standards, CSN Standards, Electrical Engineering, EN 60728 series, [Online]. Available: https://www.en-standard.eu/search/?q=EN+60728
• [28] Albert Domingo, Marlies Van der Wee, Sofie Verbrugge, Miquel Oliver, “Deployment strategies for FTTH networks and their impact on the business case: A comparison of case studies”, Conference: 20th ITS Biennial Conference At: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014, pp. 1-20 [Online]. Available: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/106863/1/816637695.pdf
• [29] Robert Kenny, “Exploring the costs and benefits of FTTH in the UK”, March, Nesta, London, UK, 2015, pp.1-27 [Online]. Available: https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/exploring_the_costs_and_benefits_of_ftth_in_the_uk_v7.pdf
• [30] Jack Burton, “FTTH and Next-Generation HFC: Myth vs. Reality”, Broadband Success Partners, August 2019, pp. 1-27 [Online]. Available: https://www.broadbandsuccess.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FTTH-or-NG-HFC-Myth-vs-Reality-082019.pdf

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).