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The electromagnetic field (EMF) levels generated by mobile telephone radio base stations (RBS) situated on rural-agricultural lands were assessed in order to evaluate the exposure of farm workers in the surrounding area. The expected EMF at various distances from a mobile telephone RBS was calculated using an ad hoc numerical forecast model. Subsequently, the electric fields around some RBS on agricultural lands were measured, in order to obtain a good approximation of the effective conditions at the investigated sites. The viability of this study was tested according to the Italian Regulations concerning general and occupational public exposure to time-varying EMFs. The calculated E-field values were obtained with the RBS working constantly at full power, but during the in situ measurements the actual power emitted by RBS antennas was lower than the maximum level, and the E-field values actually registered were much lower than the calculated values.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
351--358
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- University of Bari'Aldo Moro', Italy
autor
- University of Bari'Aldo Moro', Italy
Bibliografia
- 1.ICNIRP statement on the “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and EMF (up to 300 GHz)”. Health Physics. 1998;74(4):494-522.
- 2.Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risk sarising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). OJ. 2004;L159:1–26. Retrieved May 13, 2015, from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1431516453253&uri=CELEX:32004L0040.
- 3.Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2013 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (20th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) and repealing Directive 2004/40/EC. OJ. 2013;L179:1-21.
- 4.Council of the European Union Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0Hz to 300GHz), 1999/519/EC. OJ. 1999:L199:59-70.
- 5.Italian Law Decree n.81, April 9, 2008, connected to Law Decree n.106, August 3, 2009, concerning the protection of the health and the safety on workplaces.
- 6.Prime Minister decreeJuly 8, 2003 “Setting of the exposure limits, of the attention values and of the quality goals for the safety of the general public from exposure to produced electric, magnetic and EMF in the frequency range 100 kHz-300 GHz”. ItalianOfficialGazette n.199 of August 28, 2003.
- 7.Chatteron PA, Houlden MA. EMC electromagnetic theory to practical design. New York: Wiley; 1992.
- 8.Apollonio F, Liberti M, Tarricone L, D'Inzeo G. Integrated models for the analysis of biological effects of EM Fields used for mobile communications. IEEE T MicrowTheory. 2000;48(11):2082-2093. doi: 10.1109/22.884199
- 9.D'Amore M. Electromagnetic compatibility. Edizioniscientifiche Siderea, Rome; 2003.
- 10.Bernardi P, Cavagnaro M, Pisa S, et al. Human exposure to radio base-stationantennas in urban environment. IEEE T Microw Theory. 2000;48(11):1996-2002. doi: 10.1109/22.884188
- 11.Rubin GJ, Das Munshi J, Wessely S. Electromagnetichy persensitivity: a systematic review of provocation studies. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(2):224-232. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000155664.13300.64
- 12.Bevitori P. Pollution produced by electric, magnetic, EMF. Maggioli Editore, Rimini; 2007.
- 13.Baldoin C, Balsari P, Cerruto E, et al. Improvement in pesticide application on Green house crops: results of a survey about Green house structures in Italy. Acta Hortic. 2008;801:609-614. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.801.69
- 14.ComitatoElettrotecnico Italiano (CEI). [Guide for the measurement and the evaluation of electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 10 kHz-300 GHz, with reference to the human exposure] (Standard No. CEI 211-7:2001). Milan: CEI; 2001.
- 15.ComitatoElettrotecnico Italiano (CEI). [Guidance for carrying out a base radio stationcomplying with limits for humanexposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields - Appendix G: evaluation of the software for the provisional calculation of electromagnetic field levels- Appendix H: methodologies of measurement for UMTS signals] (Standard No. CEI 211-10;V1:2004). Milan: CEI; 2001.
- 16.Colombi D, Thors B, Persson T, et al. Down link Power distributions for 2G and 3G mobile communication networks. Radia Prot Dosim. 2013;157(4):477-487. doi:10.1093/rpd/nct169.
- 17.Joseph W, Verloock L, Tanghe E, et al. In-situ measurement procedures for temporal RF electromagnetic field exposure of the general public. Health Phys. 2013;96:529-542. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000341327.37310.c8
- 18.EuropeanCommittee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). Basic standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human exposure in the vicinity of base stations (Standard No. EN 50492:2008). Brussels: CENELEC.
- 19.Ardoino L, Barbieri E, Vecchia P. Determinants of exposure to electromagnetic fields from mobile phones. Radia Prot Dosim. 2004;111(4):403-406. doi:10.1093/rpd/nch062.
- 20.Mahfouz Z, Gati A, Lautru D, Wong MF, Wiart J, Hanna VF. Influence of traffic variations on exposure to wire less signals in realistic environments. Bioelectromagnetics. 2011;33:288-297. doi: 10.1002/bem.20705
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-7c3fa84a-e8c5-4f8e-9be5-c6375641def3
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