Dimetoat. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego

Sapota, A.; Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak, M

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Tytuł artykułu

Dimetoat. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Sapota A. , Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak M

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www.ciop.pl/pimosp_teksty

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Warianty tytułu

Dimethoate

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Dimetoat (DM) jest bezbarwną, krystaliczną substancją o zapachu merkaptanu. Stosowany jest jako insektycyd io zwalczania wielu insektów i roztoczy na uprawach roślinnych. W Polsce nie jest produkowany, narażenie na 2n związek dotyczy zatem tylko jego użytkowników. Związek ten wchłania się do organizmu człowieka w drogach oddechowych, drogą pokarmową oraz przez skórę. Kontakt przez skórę należy do najistotniejszych dróg narażenia pracowników stykających się z pestycydami. Najczęściej występującymi objawami zatrucia DM u ludzi i zwierząt są: zahamowanie aktywności cholinoesterazy osocza, erytrocytów i mózgu oraz zespół objawów charakterystycznych dla zatrucia związkami fosforoorganicznymi. W badaniach na ochotnikach DM podawany doustnie w dawce 0,2 mg/kg m.c./dzień, przez 39 dni, nie wywoływał u osób narażonych istotnych zmian biologicznych (NOAEL), natomiast podawany przez 39 dni w większej dawce, tj. 0,43 mg/kg m.c./dzień, powodował obniżenie ChE osocza o 24% (LOAEL). Wyniki badań przewlekłych na szczurach, którym podawano dimetoat w dawce 5 mg/kg paszy (0,25 mg/kg m.c.) przez 5,5 miesiąca, wykazały brak istotnych zmian biologicznych u tych zwierząt (NOAEL). DM wykazuje działanie mutagenne u bakterii, owadów i myszy, a wyniki badań na zwierzętach nie są jednoznaczne w ocenie działania rakotwórczego tego związku. DM zaburza funkcje rozrodcze u zwierząt doświadczalnych. Ponadto -istnieją przesłanki, że u ludzi narażonych na insektycydy fosforoorganiczne (w tym dimetoat) może dojść do zaostrzeń funkcji reprodukcyjnych oraz powstawania wad rozwojowych potomstwa. Za podstawę wyprowadzenia wartości NDS przyjęto wartość NOAEL uzyskaną z badań na ochotnikach. Zaproponowano ustalenie wartości NDS dla dimetoatu w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy na poziomie 0,2 mg/m3.

Dimethoate (DM) is clear, crystalline substance of mercaptan odour. It is used as insecticide to fight against numerous insects and acarids on crops. It is not produced in Poland, so exposure to this compound concerns only its users. This compound is absorbed into human organism through respiratory and alimentary tract and skin. Skin contact is the most important way of exposure of agricultural workers to these pesticides. The most frequent symptoms of DM poisoning in humans and animals are: inhibition of plasma, erythrocytes and cerebral cholinesterase activity and symptoms characteristic for poisoning with phosphoroorganic compounds. In experiments on volunteers, DM administered in an oral dose 0.2 mg/kg b.m. for 39 days did not evoke any significant biological changes (NOAEL) in the exposed subjects, but administered for 39 days in a higher dose, that is 0.43 mg/kg b.m./daily decreased plasma ChE by 24% (LOAEL). The results of long-term experiments on rats, when DM was administered in a dose 5 mg/kg diet (0.25 mg/kg b.m.) for 5.5 months, demonstrated lack of significant biological changes in these animals (NOAEL). DM demonstrates mutagenic action in bacteria, insects and mice and the results of investigations on animals are not explicit in the assessment of this compound carcinogenic effect. DM disturbs reproductive function in experimental animals. Moreover, there are premises that in humans exposed to phosphoroorganic insecticides (including DM), there may come to reproductive dysfunction and occurrence of developmental anomalies in progeny. NOAEL value obtained from investigations on volunteers was the basis for MAC value introduction. 0.2 mg/m3 was suggested as MAC value for dimethoate in the air at work-places. This value should prevent from the effect of long-term exposure to DM in occupational exposure conditions. STEL value three times higher than MAC value was also suggested, that is 0.6 mg/mJ. In accordance with WHO recommendations BEI value, that is decrease of AChE activity to the level of 70% of initial activity, should be determined. Considering DM absorption, it should be placed in MAC list with index Sk.

Słowa kluczowe

dimetoat narażenie zawodowe wartości NDS

dimethoate occupational exposure MAC-values

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2002

Tom

Nr 3 (33)

Strony

67--92

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 93 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Sapota A.

Akademia Medyczna 90-151 Łódź ul. dr. J. Muszyńskiego 1

autor

Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak M

Akademia Medyczna 90-151 Łódź ul. dr. J. Muszyńskiego 1

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