Effect of Organic Manure and Plant Growth Promoting Microbes on Yield, Quality and Essential Oil Constituents of Fennel Bulb (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Nada, Ramy S.; Ashmawi, Ashmawi E.; Mady, Emad; Randhir, Timothy O.; Elateeq, Ahmed A.

doi:10.12911/22998993/147252

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Tytuł artykułu

Effect of Organic Manure and Plant Growth Promoting Microbes on Yield, Quality and Essential Oil Constituents of Fennel Bulb (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Autorzy

Nada Ramy S. , Ashmawi Ashmawi E. , Mady Emad , Randhir Timothy O. , Elateeq Ahmed A.

Treść / Zawartość

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DOI

10.12911/22998993/147252

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Bulb fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) has gained importance for its high-value bulb production. A field experiment was conducted in a farm in El-Santa, Gharbia, Egypt, to enhance productivity and quality attributes of F. vulgare bulbs using different fertilizers: biofertilizer, organic fertilizer (rabbit manure), and mineral fertilizer [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)]. The biofertilizers included nitrogen fixer bacteria (Azos), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bm), and potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bc) with/without vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Application of NPK at 150% of the RD and rabbit manure at 60 m³/fed resulted in the highest values of branch number, bulb weight, bulb yield, percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P, and K, as well as features of marketable bulbs including firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and bulb essential oil. Moreover, the GC/MS analyses of bulb essential oil of the organically and chemically fertilized plants showed the increase of trans-anethole, the predominant constituent responsible for bulb’s flavor. However, the highest proportion of estragole (9.65%), an undesirable compound, was recorded with 150% of recommended NPK. In comparison, the lowest estragole content (4.09% and 5.64%) was obtained by organic fertilizer (rabbit manure at 60 m³/fed) and biofertilizer (Azos+Bm+Bc+VAM), respectively. The increase in bulb yield (11.76–11.99 ton/fed) and essential oil content (0.076–0.080%) of bulbs obtained with organic manure (rabbit manure at 60 m³/fed) was accompanied by a marked decrease in estragole and an increase in the most important constituents, α-pinene, ß-pinene, limonene, trans-anethole, and anisaldehyde. Hence, the organic fennel bulb can be produced with an abundant and highquality crop which consolidates the concept of ecological and organic farming for this important crop.

Słowa kluczowe

Foeniculum vulgare fennel bulb organic fertilizer biofertilizer anethole estragole

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Lublin University of Technology

Czasopismo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Rocznik

2022

Tom

Vol. 23, nr 5

Strony

149--164

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 85 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Nada Ramy S.

Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt

autor

Ashmawi Ashmawi E.

Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt

autor

Mady Emad

Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01002, USA

autor

Randhir Timothy O.

Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01002, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-9716

autor

Elateeq Ahmed A.

ahmedelateeq@azhar.edu.eg

Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-2684

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