Studying the Effects of Pollutants from Industrial Facilities on Soil and Plant Pollution

• Autorzy: Albadry Noor Al-Huda Nadhim , Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/190124

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Industrial facilities that participate significantly in the production of many human needs and are useful in various activities. This study evaluates the impact of an electric power generation station, an oil refinery, and a brick factory on emissions and liquid waste that pollute soil and plants with lead and cadmium in the surrounding areas. Soil samples were taken in four dimensions, with a distance of 500 m between each sample. the results showed that the levels of heavy metals analyzed were high for both lead and cadmium, as the lead concentration ranged between 150.30–22.15, 240.40–30.20, and 250.33–21.91. The results indicated the total concentration of cadmium, which ranged between (0.50–2.20) and (0.9–2.51) and (0.55–1.66) mg·Cd·kg^-1 soil for each of the electric power generation station, oil refinery, and brick factories, respectively. The highest value of the pollution factor was recorded at distance of 500 m, which amounted to 11.42, which is within the range of CF ˃ 6. This indicates very high pollution. As for the distance of 2000 m, it reached 3.65, which indicates high pollution. The highest value for the environmental risk index Er with lead in the soil of brick factories was at the distance of 500 and 1000 m, as it reached 57.10 and 41.10 respectively. It was with low limits to Moderately toxic to lead and moderate to highly toxic to cadmium. However, a mechanism must be developed to reduce the concentrations of these elements, which are enriched by these industrial facilities.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

pollutants; heavy metals; environmental risk; contamination factor; oil refinery; brick factories

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, iss. 8
• Strony: 316--330
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Albadry Noor Al-Huda Nadhim

• Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3758-4601

autor

Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood

• Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6517-5838+

Bibliografia

• 1. Achadu, O.J., Goler, E.E., Ayejuyo, O.O., Olaoye, O.O., Ochimana, O.I. 2015. Assessment of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) concentrations in soils along a major highway in Wukari, North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 1–7.
• 2. Akol, A.M., Nassif, N., Jaddoa, K.A., Radhi, K., Hassan, D.F. 2021. Effect of irrigation methods, tillage systems and seeding rate on water consumption, biological yield and harvest index of wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). International Journal of Agricultural & Statistical Sciences, 17.
• 3. Alalaf, A.H.E., Ahmed, K.A., Mahmood, S.S. , Altaey, D.K.A., Al-Tawaha, A.RQ., Al-Tawaha, A.R., Mehdizadeh, M., Abbas, G. 2023. Using clean alternatives and reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers added to soil to achieve agricultural sustainability (Review Article). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1158, 022011.
• 4. Alawsy, W.S.A. 2020. Evaluation of lead and cadmium pollution for some soils in Diwaniya governorate using the pollution standards. Plant Archives, 20(2), 2095–2100.
• 5. Alawsy, W.S.A., Nafawa, S.M. 2022. The efficiency of Nerium oleander plant in phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead and cadmium. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 22(1).‏
• 6. Alawsy, W.S.A., Alabadi, L.A.S., AL-Jibury. 2024. Employing phytoremediation methods to extract heavy metals from polluted soils. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(6), 352–361.
• 7. Ali, Z.A., Hassan, D.F., Mohammed, R.J. 2021. Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption and faba bean growth. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 722(1), 012043. IOP Publishing.
• 8. Al-Mashhadi, M.J.H., Alabadi, L.A.S. 2023. Investigating the efficiency of (Alhagi graecorum) plant in accumulating some heavy metals. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, (1214, 1, 012005).
• 9. Ansari, F.A., Gill S.S., Lanza G.R., Newman L. 2015. Phytoremediation management of environmental contamination, 1. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, DOI 10.107/978-3-319-105-2.
• 10. Awadh, S.M. 2013. Assessment of the potential pollution of cadmium, nickel and lead in the road-side dustin the Karkhdistrict of Baghdad City and along the highway between Ramadi and Rutba, West of Iraq. Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(7), 126–135. http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/est/index.htm
• 11. Cao Y., Lei K., Zhang X., Xu L., Lin C., Yang Y. 2018. Contamination and ecological risks of toxic metals in the Hai River, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 164, 210–218.
• 12. Çelenk F., Fatma Kiziloglu, T. 2015. Distribution of lead accumulation in roadside soils: A case study from D 100 highway in Sakarya, Turkey. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 2(5), 1–10.
• 13. Day, P.R . 1965. Particle fractionation and particlesize analysis, in C.A. Black, Ed,. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Agronomy Monograph Number 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, 545–567.
• 14. Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune C.G., Awomeso J.A., Adeofun C.O., Idowu O.A. 2011. An assessment of the effect of industrial pollution on Ibese river, Lagos, Nigeria. African J Env Sci Tech, 5(8), 608–615. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST09.176
• 15. Hassan, D.F., Ati, A.S., Naima, A.S. 2023. Evaluation of the performance of the aquacrop model under diffrent irrigation and cultivation methods and thair effect on water consumption. IRAQI Journal Of Agricultural Sciences, 54(2), 478–490.
• 16. Hassan, D., Thamer, T., Mohammed, R., Almaeini, A., Nassif, N. 2020. Calibration and evaluation of AquaCrop model under different irrigation methods for maize (Zea mays L.) in Central Region of Iraq. In Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (pp. 43-48). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
• 17. Hossain M.A., Uddin M.K., Molla A.H., Afrad M.S.I., Rahman M.M., Rahman G.K.M.M. 2010. Impact of industrial effluents discharges on degradation of natural resources and threat to food security. The Agriculturists, 8(2), 80–7. https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v8i2.7581
• 18. Institute for Environment and Development Studies (IEDS). Aquatic ecology and dangerous substances: Bangladesh perspectives. Diffuse Pollution Conference, Dublin, Ireland. 2003, 8–65.
• 19. Jaafer, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F. 2020. Studying the thermodynamic parameters for the evaluation of potassium availability by adding organic matter. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 20(1).
• 20. Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
• 21. Jafaar, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F. 2022. Efect of phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation level on desert soil management and potato yield. International Journal of Agricultural & Statistical Sciences, 18(2).
• 22. Jafaar, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F., Thamer, T.Y. 2023. Effect of Foliar Seaweed and Different Irrigation Levels on Water Consumption, Growth and Yield of Wheat. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (1252(1), 012057). IOP Publishing.
• 23. Jones, J.B. 2001. Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis /Includes bibliographical references and index. CRC Press LLC.
• 24. Kabata-Pendias, A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC. Press, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 253-268.
• 25. Kabir E., Ray S., Kim K.H., Yoon H.O., Jeon E.C., Kim Y.S., Cho Y.S., Yun S.T., Brown R.J. Current status of trace metal pollution in soils affected by industrial activities. Scientific World Journal. 2012; 916705. doi: 10.1100/2012/916705. Epub 2012 May 3. PMID: 22645468; PMCID: PMC3356731
• 26. Khasanova, S., Alieva, E., Shemilkhanova, A. 2023. Environmental Pollution: Types, Causes and Consequences. In: BIO Web of Conferences (63, 07014). EDP Sciences.
• 27. Lahori, A.H., Ahmad, S.R., Afzal, A., MierzwaHersztek, M., Bano, S., Muhammad, M.T., Saleem, I., Soomro, W.A. 2023. Alone and combined application of press mud compost and fuller earth for abating pb and cd and enhance sorghum growth in polluted soils. Trends in Ecological and Indoor Environment Engineering, 1(1), 7–15.
• 28. Lindsay, W.L., Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(3), 421–428.
• 29. Liu, H., Xu, F., Xie, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, A., Li, L., Xu, H. 2018. Effect of modified coconut shell biochar on availability of heavy metals and biochemical characteristics of soil in multiple heavy metals contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 645, 702–709.
• 30. Long, Z., Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, Z., Yu, D., Chen, Y., Wang, R. 2021. Effect of different industrial activities on soil heavy metal pollution, ecological risk, and health risk. Environmental Monitoring and ‏12.–1 193, ,Assessment
• 31. Mohammed, R.J., Abdulkadhim, K.A., Hassan, D.F., Kadhim, T.F. 2019. Effect of wheat straw as organic matter and different water quality on some chemical soil properties and growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (344(1), 012034). IOP Publishing.
• 32. Mohammed, R.J., Hameed, I.A., Thamer, T.Y. 2022. Effect of using different types of well water in Karbala Governorate on soil and plant. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 23.
• 33. Nunes, J.R., Ramos-Miras, J., Lopez-Piñeiro, A., Loures, L., Gil, C., Coelho, J., Loures, A. 2014. Concentrations of available heavy metals in mediterranean agricultural soils and their relation with some soil selected properties: A case study in typical Mediterranean soils. Sustainability, 6(12), 9124–9138.
• 34. Rahman, S.H., Khanam, D., Adyel, T.M., Islam, M.S., Ahsan, M.A., Akbor, M.A. 2012. Assessment of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil around Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh: implication of seasonal variation and indices. Applied sciences, 2(3), 584–601.
• 35. Saloumi, Y.J.H., Alabadi, L.A.S. 2023. A study of the effect of electric power plants on the soil content of some heavy elements (Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Fe). In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (1262, 8, 082017).
• 36. Savant, N.K. 1994. Simplified methylene blue method rapid determination of cation exchange capacity of mineral soils. Comun. Soil Sci. Plant. Anal, 25(19–20), 3357–3364.
• 37. WHO/FAO.2007. Joint WHO/FAO. Food standard programme Codex Alimentarius commission 13th session .
• 38. Yadav, S., Yadav, A., Mohan, C., Garg, V.K., Kumari, N. 2024. Introduction to environmental and green chemistry. In Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability (pp. 1–22). Elsevier.