Influence of wind and waves on ambient noise and bubble entrainment depth in the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea

Dragan-Górska, Agata; Gorska, Natalia; Markuszewski, Piotr; Klusek, Zygmunt

doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2023.12.003

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Influence of wind and waves on ambient noise and bubble entrainment depth in the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea

Autorzy

Dragan-Górska Agata , Gorska Natalia , Markuszewski Piotr , Klusek Zygmunt

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.oceano.2023.12.003

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Semi-enclosed, fetch-limited waters create unique conditions for wind wave development and breaking. Parameters of breaking waves influence bubble entrainment depth and associated noise, which is why they differ in semi-enclosed sea compared to open waters. While the established noise-wind speed relationship holds in oceanic conditions, it differs in land-constrained basins like the Baltic Sea. To explore noise level, bubble entrainment depth and wind speed relationships, we conducted noise and sub-surface bubble measurements, coupled with wind observations, in the selected area of the Baltic Sea during two consecutive summers. A novel method was employed to estimate bubble entrainment depth under conditions of strong backscatter. Model data of wave field parameters were employed to assess their influence on noise level and bubble entrainment depth. Results suggest stronger connections between noise level and wind speed, as well as wave height, compared to wave age and wind sea steepness. The same patterns hold true for the correlation between bubble entrainment depth and both wind speed and wave field parameters. The parameterized noise level-wind speed relationship differs from that obtained for oceanic conditions and also varies across measurement periods. Observed differences were shaped by varying wind-wave conditions, notably differences in wind speed, direction, wave height, and the presence of swell. The noise level-bubble entrainment depth relation is reported for the first time for Baltic Sea conditions. For a thorough analysis of the influence of these factors on noise and bubbles, longer measurements under diverse wind-wave conditions are required to account for site-specific wave field characteristics.

Słowa kluczowe

breaking waves underwater ambient noise gas bubbles semi-enclosed Baltic Sea

Wydawca

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology
Elsevier

Czasopismo

Oceanologia

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Vol. 66 (2)

Strony

299--318

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 68 poz., fot., map., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Dragan-Górska Agata

adgorska@iopan.pl

Marine Physics Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

autor

Gorska Natalia

Marine Physics Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

autor

Markuszewski Piotr

Physical Oceanography Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

autor

Klusek Zygmunt

Marine Physics Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

Bibliografia

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