PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

Estimating shipping emissions – A case study for cargo Port of Zadar, Croatia

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Reducing air pollutant emissions and energy consumption, as a necessary step to make ports more sustainable, is one of the crucial tasks and challenges of port management. Some of the port strategies to meet the term “green port” usually include reducing fuel consumption from vessels and vehicles in ports. This paper estimates the emission inventory of maritime traffic for the cargo Port of Zadar. For this research, emissions from cargo ships are estimated in the period from January 01. 2018 until October 01. 2019. The “bottom-up” methodology has been applied for estimating emissions, which includes detailed data on the ship’s characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The emissions from cargo ships have been estimated for three ship’s activities: cruising in the reduced speed zone, hotelling (time spent at berth), and maneuvering. The emission results (tons/year) refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) which represents greenhouse gases. Estimating emission inventory is the first step for planning effective port air quality control. Some recommendations for reducing emissions in port areas are emphasized in this paper.
Twórcy
autor
  • University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
autor
  • University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
autor
  • University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
Bibliografia
  • 1. Contini, D., Merico, E.: Recent Advances in Studying Air Quality and Health Effects of Shipping Emissions. Atmosphere. 12, 1, (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010092.
  • 2. DNV GL: Comparison of Alternative Marine Fuels, https://sea-lng.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Alternative-Marine-Fuels-Study_final_report_25.09.19.pdf, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 3. ENTEC UK Limited: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat15/1012131459_21897_Final_Report_291110.pdf, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 4. EUR-Lex: 32016L0802 - EN - EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/802/oj, last accessed 2021/03/23.
  • 5. European Environment Agency: Air quality in Europe - 2020 report, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2020-report, last accessed 2021/02/12.
  • 6. European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook, https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-pollution-sources-1/emep-eea-air-pollutant-emission-inventory-guidebook/emep, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 7. European Parliament: Directive (eu) 2016/802 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels (codification). (2016).
  • 8. GloMEEP: Port emissions toolkit, https://glomeep.imo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/port-emissions-toolkit-g1-online_New.pdf, last accessed 2021/02/15.
  • 9. GreenPort: Gothenburg sets goal to cut emissions by 70%, https://www.greenport.com/news101/Projects-and-Initiatives/gothenburg-launches-goal-to-cut-emissions-70, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 10. International Maritime Organization: Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships. Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020 – Final report. , London (2020).
  • 11. Luka Zadar d.d.: https://www.luka-zadar.hr/, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 12. Marine Insight: The Guide to Slow Steaming On Ships, https://www.marineinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-guide-to-slow-steaming-on-ships.pdf, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 13. More: http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/prirodne-vrijednosti-stanje-i-ocuvanje/stanista-i-ekosustavi/more, last accessed 2021/02/16.
  • 14. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Regulation 13, https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Nitrogen-oxides-(NOx)-%E2%80%93-Regulation-13.aspx, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 15. Pastorčić, D., Radonja, R., Knežević, V., Pelić, V.: Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for the Port of Šibenik. Pomorstvo. 34, 1, 86–92 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.1.10.
  • 16. Port of Los Angeles: Inventory of Air Emissions, https://kentico.portoflosangeles.org/getmedia/4696ff1a-a441-4ee8-95ad-abe1d4cddf5e/2019_Air_Emissions_Inventory, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 17. Psaraftis, H.N., Kontovas, C.A.: Decarbonization of Maritime Transport: Is There Light at the End of the Tunnel? Sustainability. 13, 1, (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010237.
  • 18. Radonja, R., Ivče, R., Zekić, A., Catela, L.: Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for the Port of Rijeka. Pomorstvo. 34, 2, 387–395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.19.
  • 19. Saenz, J.G.: Energy analysis and costs estimation of an On-shore Power Supply system in the Port of Gävle. University of Gavle (2019).
  • 20. scheepvaartwest: Home, https://www.scheepvaartwest.be/CMS/, last accessed 2021/03/22.
  • 21. Stazić, L., Radonja, R., Pelić, V., Lalić, B.: The Port of Split international marine traffic emissions inventory. Pomorstvo. 34, 1, 32–39 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.1.4.
  • 22. Styhre, L., Winnes, H., Black, J., Lee, J., Le-Griffin, H.: Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 54, 212–224 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.033.
  • 23. Toscano, D., Murena, F.: Atmospheric ship emissions in ports: A review. Correlation with data of ship traffic. Atmospheric Environment: X. 4, 100050 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100050.
  • 24. US EPA, O.: Current Methodologies in Preparing Mobile Source Port-Related Emission Inventories Final Report April 2009, https://www.epa.gov/moves/current-methodologies-preparing-mobile-source-port-related-emission-inventories-final-report, last accessed 2021/03/21.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-7a7def20-a49e-46c5-b540-4c1038b75a9d
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.