Can concurrent teaching promote equal biomechanical adaptations at front crawl and backstroke swimming?

• Autorzy: Costa M. J. , Barbosa T. M. , Morais J. E. , Miranda S. , Marinho D. A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5277/ABB-00511-2015-03

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The biomechanical adaptations in front crawl and backstroke swimming, as influenced by the implementation of a concurrent teaching programme were analysed. Methods: Sixteen participants (19.75 ± 1.13 years) underwent a 30 weeks intervention characterized by an increasing complexity to accomplish motor skills in the following order: (i) lower limbs propulsion; (ii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with breathing cycle; (iii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with one upper limb action; (iv) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with both breathing cycle and one upper limb action; (v) full swimming stroke; (vi) motor trajectory of the arms stroke. Performance and biomechanics were measured at front crawl and backstroke during three time points throughout the programme. Results: There were improvements in performance over time at front crawl (21.49 s to 19.99 s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (27.15 s to 24.60 s, p = 0.01). Significant improvements were found for velocity at front crawl (1.13 m/s to 1.22 m/s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (0.92 m/s to 1.00 m/s, p < 0.01). Stroke frequency increased at backstroke (0.64 to 0.73 Hz, p = 0.01), while the intra-cyclic variation of the velocity decreased at front crawl (0.13 to 0.12%, p = 0.02). There was also a moderate-high inter-subject variability in response to the programme. Conclusions: These findings prove that a programme of 30 weeks teaching concurrently front crawl and backstroke is effective to promote similar biomechanical adaptations in low-tier swimmers. However, each subject shows an individual response to better adapt the biomechanical actions and to reach a higher level of expertise.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

expertise; kinematics; swimmer

PL

ekspertyza; kinematyka ruchu; pływak

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 19, no. 1
• Strony: 81--88
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Costa M. J.

• Department of Sports Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
• Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal

autor

Barbosa T. M.

• Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
• Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
• Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal

autor

Morais J. E.

• Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
• Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal

autor

Miranda S.

• Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

autor

Marinho D. A.

• Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
• Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal

Bibliografia

• [1] BARBOSA T.M., FERNANDES R.J., KESKINEN K.L., VILAS-BOAS J.P., The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers, Eur. J .Appl. Physiol., 2008, 103, 139–149.
• [2] BARBOSA T.M., MARINHO D.A., COSTA M.J., SILVA A.J., Biomechanics of competitive swimming strokes, [in:] V. Klika (ed.), Biomechanics in Aplications, Intech, Rijeka, 367–388.
• [3] BARBOSA T., COSTA M., MORAIS J., JESUS S., SILVA J., BATISTA J. et al., Validation of an integrated system to assess horizontal intra-cyclic velocity with a mechanical speedo-meter, Portuguese Journal of Sports Science, 2011, 29, 833–835.
• [4] BARBOSA T., MOROUÇO P., JESUS S., FEITOSA W., COSTA M., MARINHO D. et al., Interaction between speed fluctuation and swimming velocity in young competitive swimmers, Int. J. Sports Med., 2013, 34, 123–130.
• [5] BIDEAULT G., HERAULT R., SEIFERT L., Data modelling reveals inter-individual variability of front crawl swimming, J. Sci. Med. Sport, 2013, 16, 281–285.
• [6] CHOLLET D., MORETTO P., PELAYO P., SIDNEY M., Energetic effects of velocity and stroke rate control in non-expert swimmers, Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, 1996, VII, 172–176.
• [7] COSTA M.J., BRAGADA J.A., MEJIAS J.E., LOURO H., MARINHO D.A., SILVA A.J., BARBOSA T.M., Effects of swim training on energetics and performance, Int. J. Sports Med., 2013, 34, 507–513.
• [8] COSTILL D., KOVALESKI J., PORTER D., KIRWAN R., FIELDING R., KING D., Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: predicting success in middle-distance events, Int. J. Sports Med., 1985, 6, 266–270.
• [9] CRAIG A., PENDERGAST D., Relationship of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1979, 11, 278–283.
• [10] CRAIG A., SKEHAN P., PAWELCZYK J., BOOMER W., Velocity, stroke rate and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1985, 17, 625–634.
• [11] DESCHODT V., ROUARD A., MONTEIL K., Relationship between the three coordinates of the upper limb joints with swimming velocity, [in:] J.P. Troup, A.P. Hollander, D. Strasse, S.W. Trappe, J.M. Cappaert, T.A. Trappe (eds.), Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VII, E & FN Spon, London 1996, 52–58.
• [12] FAUL F., ERDFELDER E., LANG A.G., BUCHNER A., G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences, Behav. Res. Meth., 2007, 39, 175–191.
• [13] FERGUSON C.J., An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers, Profes. Psychol., 2009, 40, 532–538.
• [14] GIROLD S., JALAB C., BERNARD O., CARETTE P., KEMOUN G., DUGUÉ B., Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance, J. Strength Cond. Res., 2012, 26, 497–505.
• [15] HOLLANDER A.P., de GROOT G., van INGEN SCHENAU G., KAHMAN R., TOUSSAINT H., Contribution of the legs to propulsion in Front Crawl swimming, [in:] V.B. Ungerechts, K. Wilke, K. Reischle, (eds.), Swimming Science, Human Kinetics Books, Illinois, 1988, 39–43
• [16] MORAIS J., SAAVEDRA J., COSTA M., SILVA A., MARINHO D., BARBOSA T., Tracking young talented swimmers: follow-up of performance and its biomechanical determinant factors, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2013, 15, 129–138.
• [17] SÁNCHEZ J., ARELLANO R., Stroke index values according to level, gender, swimming style and event race distance, [in:] K. Gianikellis (ed.), XXth International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura, 2002, 56–59
• [18] WINTER E., Use and misuse of the term “significant”, J. Sports Sci., 2008, 26, 429–430.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).