PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Today in woodworking, there are problems with the use of wood waste and the accumulation of involved wood as an additional and not fully used resource. The problem has not been completely solved, as there is no scientific basis and practical recommendations for efficient production processes with predicting the properties of products made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW), in particular in the production of blockboards (BB). The objective of the studies is to substantiate and develop a scientific and technical basis for resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, to establish the influence patterns of PCW properties on the mechanical characteristics of the products obtained, to develop operating parameters and to formulate practical recommendations, confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The studies have proved the expediency of using PCW in technological processes of woodworking, in particular in the production of construction materials - blockboards with predicted characteristics. In order to rationally use raw materials for the manufacture of conventional blockboards made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW-BB), new designs of a conventional PCW blockboard with a thickness of 22 mm and with a unified strip width of 16, 32, 48, and 64 mm, the strips are glued ones, 3 mm thick, and faced with plywood on both sides. The authors of the article found that in order to ensure improved operating characteristics of the blockboards, it is important to lay radial, semi-radial and tangential strips in structures with the ratio of width to thickness of the cross-sections of the strips - rationally and efficiently - 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. Substantiation on this basis of new designs of PCW blockboards makes it possible to reveal shortcomings of these products at the conceptual stage of the project and correct them before manufacturing taking into account the specified technical conditions and reducing costs at the development stage. Mathematical models for predicting the main characteristics of conventional PCW blockboards (PCW-BB) have been constructed, which made it possible to determine the indexes of the bending strength of the BB across the strips, σBB, and the shear strength of the BB along the glue line, τВВ. The coefficients of approximation of mathematical dependencies for predicting the strength of PCW-BBs, the strips of which were made of fir wood, were calculated, which would allow for the selection of rational designs of blockboards with appropriate characteristics. It has been established that the developed mathematical models make it possible to predict the characteristics of the PCW-BB depending on the cross-sectional dimensions of the strips, the angle of the annual rings slope to the blockboard face and the age of the PCW, and, on this basis, to propose improved designs of these blockboards for the technological processes of woodworking. The influence patterns of the properties of structural elements on the indicators of conventional PCW-BB (500 × 500 × 22 mm) were experimentally established. It was found that an increase in the width of the strips leads to a decrease in the strength indexes (by 29-37%); an increase in the angle of the annual rings slope to the BB face leads to an increase in static bending strength (by 31-33%) but to a decrease in shear strength (by 4-7%); an increase in the age of the PCW leads to a decrease in strength indexes (by 3-8%). It was found that the physical and mechanical parameters of the experimental PCW-BBs with a strip cross-sections of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 meet the requirements of the standard (larger values: for static bending of a rate of 15 MPa and for shearing at a rate of 1 MPa), and for the 4:1 cross- -section, they partially had lower indexes by 2-3%. To ensure the strength of the developed structures of the PCW-BBs, it is recommended to use the 3:1 ratio of the sides in the cross-section of the strips, and the slope of the annual rings to the blockboard face must be at least 45o. It was found that the deviation of the values obtained by mathematical models in determining the strength in static bending and shearing in comparison with the experimental ones did not exceed 8% and 10%, respectively.
Rocznik
Strony
77--102
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr.55 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Furniture Production Techniques and Wood Products Technology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Woodworking and Computer Technology and Design, Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), Lviv, Ukraine
autor
  • Department of Furniture Production Techniques and Wood Products Technology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Woodworking and Computer Technology and Design, Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), Lviv, Ukraine
Bibliografia
  • AltholzV [2002]: Verordnung uber Anforderungen an die Verwertung und Beseitigung von Altholz (Altholzverordnung – AltholzV) (Regulation on the requirements for the recovery and removal of waste wood). Vom 15. August 2002. BGBl. I: 3302-3317. Zuletzt geandert durch Artikel 2 der Verordnung zur Umsetzung der Dienstleistungsrichtlinie auf dem Gebiet des Umweltrechts sowie zur Anderung umweltrechtlicher Vorschriften vom 9. November 2010. BGBl. I: 1504-1512
  • AltholzV [2003a]: Verordnung uber Anforderungen an die Verwertung und Beseitigung von Altholz (Altholzverordnung – AltholzV) (Regulation on the requirements for the recovery and removal of waste wood). Art. 1a der Verordnung vom 1. Marz 2003. BGBl. I.: 3302-3317
  • AltholzV [2003b]: Verordnung uber Anforderungen an die Verwertung und Beseitigung von Altholz (Altholzverordnung – AltholzV) (Regulation on the requirements for the recovery and removal of waste wood). , Art. 2a der Verordnung vom 20. Oktober 2006. BGBl. I 48: 2298, 2331
  • Boehme C. [2003]: Altholz bleibt wichtig fur Holzwerkstoffindustrie (English: Waste wood is important for the wood-based products industry). Holz-Zentralblatt 4: 101
  • Brandstatter M. [1994]: Rest-und Altholz; Anfall und Vermertung in osterreich. Holzforschung und Holzverwertung 3: 46-48
  • COST Action E31 [2007]: National summary reports on the European market of recovered wood: 335
  • Danecki L., Rodzeń K. [1997]: Surowce drzewne w przemyśle płyt drewnopochodnych (Wood raw materials in the wood-based panels industry). Biuletyn Informacyjny Ośrodka Badawczo-Rozwojowego Przemysłu Płyt Drewnopochodnych, Czarna Woda 4: 194-198
  • Danecki L. [2003]: Recykling zużytych mebli i odpadow tworzyw drzewnych (Recycling of used furniture and wood waste). Biuletyn Informacyjny OBRPPD 1-2
  • Erbreich M. [2004]: Die Aufbereitung und Wiedergewinnung von Altholz und holzhaltigen Alt- und Reststoffen zur Herstellung von Mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF) und Hartfaserplatten. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der Universitat Hamburg Fachbereich Biologie. Markus Erbreich: 234
  • Garg M., Singh S.P. [2004]: Recyclig potential of balasse and wheat straw pulps. Tappi Journal 3 [9]: 25-30
  • Gayda S.V. [2007]: A problem of arboreal raw material is in Europe and Ukraine. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 33: 55-63
  • Gayda S.V. [2010]: A comparative analysis of physical and mechanical parameters of variously designed glued boards made of post-consumer recovered wood. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 36:81-91
  • Gayda S.V. [2011a]: Recycled of post-consumer wood is for the production of particleboard in Ukraine. Adhesives in Woodworking Industry. Proceedings of the XXth International Symposium. Technical university of Zvolen: 108-121
  • Gayda S.V. [2011b]: Recovered wood is additional resource of raw material. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 37(1): 238-244 (in Ukrainian)
  • Gayda S.V. [2012]: Production techniques and properties of fuel pellets produced from post-consumer wood. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 38: 112-150
  • Gayda S.V. [2013]: Technologies and recommendations on the utilization of post-consumer wood in woodworking industry. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 39 [1]: 48-67
  • Gayda S.V. [2015]: Modeling properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood on the basis of the finite element method. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 41:39-49
  • Gayda S.V. [2016]: A investigation of form of stability of variously designed blockboards made of post-consumer wood. ProLigno 12[1]: 22-31
  • Gayda S.V. [2018]: Strength of combined blockboard made of post-consumer wood (PCW). Bulletin of KhNTUA 197:3-9 (in Ukrainian)
  • Grigoriou A. [1996]: The ecological importance of wood products. Scientific Annals of the Department of Forestry and Natural Environment 39 [2]: 703-714
  • Grigoriou A. [1998]: Composites from wastepaper and wood chips. An alternative utilization of recyclable paper. Tech. Chr. Sci. J.T.C.G. 1-2: 75-84
  • Gworek B. [2016]: Impact of the municipal solid waste Lubna Landfill on environmental pollution by heavy metals . Water 8: 1-16
  • Kiyko I.O. [2014]: The impact of the structural element sizes on the furniture board form stability. Collection Bulletin UNFU 24 [5]: 169-175
  • Kryvyk O.O., Mayevskyy V.O., Zhmurko S.V. [2012]: Prerequisites for combination of different wood species in glued boards . Collection Bulletin UNFU 22 [11]: 155-160
  • Laufenberg T., Ayrilmis N., White R. [2006]: Fire and bending properties of blockboard with fire retardant treated veneers. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 64 [2]: 137-143
  • Lykidis C., Grigoriou A. [2005]: Recycling of wooden structures and its value to the protection of natural environment. In: Proceedings of ‘‘Conference for Environment and Today’s Way of Living’’, Organized by the Municipality of Thessalonica, 15-16 April 2005: 68-76
  • Mayevskyy V.O., Benyah Yu.V. [2005]: Investigations of stability of shape of composite boards from oak solid. Collection Bulletin UNFU 15[5]: 199-208
  • Mantau U., Wagner J., Baumann J. [2005a]: Stoffstrommodell HOLZ Bestimmung des Aufkommens, der Verwendung und des Verbleibs von Holzprodukten. Mull und Abfall 37 [6]: 309-315
  • Mantau U., Weimar H., Kuiper L., Leek N. [2005b]: Final report (part1): origin and commercialization structure of post-consumer wood in Germany and the Netherlands. University of Hamburg and Probos Wageningen: 31
  • Marutzky R. [1996a]: Qualitatsanforderungen und Entsorgungswege fur Rest- und Gebrauchtholzer. Umwelt 26 [10]: 56-58
  • Marutzky R. [1996b]: Qualitatsanforderungen und Entsorgungswege fur Rest-und Gebrauchtholzer. Alt-und Restholz. VDI Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf: 25-46
  • Marutzky R. [1996c]: Recyclingverfahren fur Holzwerkstoffe. Mobil-Oil-AG. Mobil Holzwerkstoff Symposium 10, Magdeburg
  • Marutzky R. [2003]: Neue Wettbewerbssituationen bei Holzsortimenten. Holz-Zentralblatt 10:180-181
  • Michanickl A. [1996]: The material utilization of products made from wood-based panels. Proceedings: new challenges for the wood-based panels industry. Technology, Productivity and Ecology. Braunschweig
  • Michanickl A. [1997]: “Recycling of laminated boards”, 1997 Asian Laminates Symposium, Hong Kong, November: 269-274
  • Onisko W., Dobrowolska E. [1997]: Odpady drewne w Polsce (Wood waste in Poland). Przemysl Drzewny 12: Р. 5-7
  • Pardaev A.S. [2009]: Increased form stability glued board of wood based on process modeling shrinkage and swelling. Architecture and Construction 3 [202]: 41-44
  • Ratajczak E., Szostak A., Bidzińska G. [2003a]: Drewno poużytkowe w Polsce (Post-consumer wood in Poland). Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technologii Drewna, Poznań:
  • Ratajczak E., Szostak A. [2003b]: Zasoby drewna poużytkowego jako alternatywnego źrodła surowca drzewnego (Post-consummer wood resources as an alternative source of wood raw material). Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technologii Drewna, Poznań: 96
  • Ratajczak E., Szostak A. [2003c]: Zasoby odpadow drzewnych w Polsce (Wood waste resources in Poland). Poznań: Czysta Energia 6: 122-125
  • Ratajczak E. [2013]: Sektor leśno-drzewny w zielonej gospodarce (The forestry and Wood sector in the green economy). Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technologii Drewna, Poznań: 62-69
  • Ratajczak E., Szostak A., Bidzinska G., Leszczyszyn E. [2018]: Market in wood byproducts in Poland and their flows in the wood sector. Drewno 61 [202]: 5-20
  • Werner F., Althaus H-J., Richter K., Scholz R.W. [2007]: Post-consumer waste wood in attributive product LCA. Context specific evaluation of allocation procedures in a functionalistic conception of LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 12 [3]: 160-172
  • Wroblewska H., Cichy W. [1997]: Przemyslowe odpady drzewne – powstawanie i wykorzystanie (Industrial wood waste – generation and use). Przemysl drzewny 3: 32-34
  • List of standards
  • DIN EN 326-1:1994 Wood-based panels. Sampling, cutting and inspection. Sampling and cutting of test pieces and expression of test results
  • DIN 68705-2:2016-03 Plywood – Part 2: Blockboard and laminboard for general use
  • GOST 9620:1994 Laminated glued wood. Sampling and general requirements in testing
  • GOST 9624:2009 Laminated glued wood. Method for determination of shear strength
  • GOST 9625:2013 Laminated glued wood. Methods for determination of ultimate and modulus of elasticity in static bending
  • GOST 13715:1978 Glued boards. Specifications
  • GOST 28840:1990 Machines for tension, compression and bending testing of materials. General technical requirements
  • ISO 13609-2014 Wood-based panels - Plywood - Blockboards and battenboards
  • ISO 12579-2007 Timber structures – Glued laminated timber – Method of test for shear strength of glue lines
  • PN-76/D-97000 Płyty stolarskie (Blockboards)
  • PN-EN 310:1994 Wood-based panels. Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-798fddca-41c6-42ca-8683-6e9148da0098
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.