Wykorzystanie granulometrii obrazowej w klasyfikacji treści zdjęć satelitarnych

Kupidura, P.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Wykorzystanie granulometrii obrazowej w klasyfikacji treści zdjęć satelitarnych

Autorzy

Kupidura P.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Image granulometry and its utilisation in satellite images classification

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

W pracy przedstawiono nową metodę klasyfikacji treści zdjęć satelitarnych, opartą na wykorzystaniu granulometrycznej analizy tekstury obrazu. Opisano podstawy teoretyczne zaprezentowanej metody oraz zbadano jej dokładność, w zależności od wybranych parametrów przetworzeń granulometrycznych oraz cech obrazów źródłowych. Porównano ją także z innymi, dotychczas stosowanymi metodami klasyfikacji treści zdjęć satelitarnych. Istotą zaproponowanej metody jest wykorzystanie, oprócz danych spektralnych, również map granulometrycznych, czyli obrazów zawierających informację na temat tekstury obrazu w otoczeniu poszczególnych pikseli, powstających w wyniku granulometrycznych przetworzeń obrazu. Ważną zaletą granulometrii obrazowej jako metody oznaczania tekstury obrazu jest, m.in., wieloskalowość, czyli możliwość określania stopnia tekstury o rożnych rozmiarach ziarna. Drugą kluczową zaletą jest prawidłowe działanie również na krawędziach obiektów na obrazie, czyli odporność na tzw. błąd krawędzi. Przedstawiona metoda klasyfikacji polegająca na złożeniu map granulometrycznych i oryginalnych obrazów wielospektralnych pozwala uwzględniać kontekstową cechę interpretacyjną - teksturę, zwiększając możliwości klasyfikacji, a jednocześnie cechuje się dużą prostotą wykonania, podobną do klasycznej pikselowej klasyfikacji spektralnej. Efektywność granulometrii obrazowej zbadano pod kątem kilku czynników: rozdzielczości przestrzennej i rodzaju obrazu źródłowego, rodzaju morfologicznych operacji otwarcia i domknięcia oraz rozmiaru okna granulometrii określającego przestrzenny zasięg obliczenia lokalnej granulometrii względem poszczególnych pikseli. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano separatywność wybranych klas pokrycia lub użytkowania terenu na podstawie wyłącznie danych spektralnych, a także na podstawie map granulometrycznych. W wybranych przypadkach, dzięki zastosowaniu analizy granulometrycznej, stwierdzono znaczny wzrost separatywności klas. Główna część pracy koncentruje się na badaniu dokładności klasyfikacji wykonanej przy użyciu zaproponowanej metody. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą, że wykorzystanie map granulometrycznych w procesie klasyfikacji może znacząco podnieść jej dokładność. Stwierdzono przy tym istotny wpływ rozdzielczości obrazu źródłowego na efektywność badanej metody. Określono i opisano również znaczenie pozostałych, przedstawionych wyżej parametrów przetworzeń granulometrycznych, i samej klasyfikacji. Wnioski z badań pozwoliły na przedstawienie propozycji modelu dwuetapowej klasyfikacji wykorzystującej zarówno wyniki klasyfikacji spektralnej, jak i spektralno-teksturowej, co pozwoliło na uzyskanie optymalnej dokładności. Zaproponowana metoda może być stosowana w procesie półautomatycznego tworzenia map pokrycia lub użytkowania terenu na podstawie zdjęć satelitarnych lub lotniczych, pozwalając uzyskiwać większa dokładność, niż klasyfikacja w podejściu spektralnym.

This book presents a new method of classification of satellite images, based on utilisation of granulometric analysis of image texture. The theoretical background of the method and its accuracy, depending on different parameters of granulometric processing and input images, is presented. It is compared to other approaches of satellite image classification. The essence qf the method relies on the use of granulometric maps, i.e. images containing information about a local texture in every pixel, additionally to spectral data contained in original multispectral images. One of the main advantages of the proposed method is its multiscality, i.e. a possibility to define a texture of an image, depending on a different size of texture element. Also, granulometric analysis of a texture is resistant to the so-called border error. As a result, it works properly on the edges of objects in an image. The method, based on a combination of granulometric maps and multispectral images. allows to take into account an important contextual feature of an image - that is, texture. Consequently, it is increasing a potential for correct classification, while remaining as simple as a pixel-based spectral classification approach. The effectiveness of image granulometry has been tested with different features and parameters: spatial resolution and a type of an input image, type of morphological opening and closing, as well as the size of a granulometric window, defining a range of a local granulometric analysis. A separability of different classes of land cover or land use, basing on spectral data and granulemetric maps, has been tested. Significant increase of separabillity has been observed in certain cases. The main goal of the book was to study accuracy of classification, basing on the presented method. The results of the research show that a use of granulometric maps in a classification process may increase the accuracy significantly. An important influence of input image's spatial resolution on the outcome has been observed. Also, the impact of other aforementioned features has been tested and described. Conclusions derived from the research allow to propose a two-step model, using results of both, spectral and spectro-textural classifications, to obtain an optimal accuracy of classification. The presented method may be used in process of semi-automatic generation of land cover and land use maps, basing on satellite or aerial images, obtaining accuracy level, which is higher than in the case of a spectral-based classification.

Słowa kluczowe

teledetekcja klasyfikacja analiza tekstury granulometria obrazowa zdjęcia satelitarne

remote sensing classification texture analysis image granulometry satellite images

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Geodezja

Rocznik

2015

Tom

z. 55

Strony

3--271

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 228 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kupidura P.

Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii

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