An experimental study on the grape orchard: Effects comparison of two irrigation systems

• Autorzy: Kadbhane S. J. , Manekar V. L.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/jwld-2017-0005

Warianty tytułu

PL

Badania eksperymentalne w winnicy: Porównanie efektów nawadniania dwoma systemami

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Table grape (Vitis vinifera cultivars) is a major cash crop in the Nashik district of India, which requires irrigation water throughout the year as per demand instantly. Canal irrigation is the adopted irrigation systems in the study area, but canal irrigation has got several serious disadvantages, such as mismatching rotation schedules and crop water demands, water allotment system and restrictions on the use of efficient irrigation methods. The storing the canal water in the farm pond instead of directly applying to the field using the free flooding method is alternate solution to overcome the disadvantages of the canal irrigation system. Once the canal water storing in the pond, it increases the possibilities to use the advance irrigation system like drip, subsurface, sprinkler etc. to enhance water use efficiency. The comparative study between the canal water directly applying for the field and canal water storing in the farm pond then use for irrigation, executed through the field experiments carried out on the grape orchard during a period April 2013 to March 2016. Results have been evaluated based on grape yield, water-productivity, berry size, and biomass. Water productivity (kg∙m^–3) with respect to water delivery to crop through the pond irrigation method was found 37% higher than the canal irrigation method during the study period. Based on the results, this study recommended the use of the farm pond to store the canal water and use it as per crop demand using advance irrigation systems.

PL

Winorośl (odmiany Vitis vinifera) jest główną uprawą w dystrykcie Nashik w Indiach. Wymaga ona całorocznych nawodnień dostosowanych do chwilowego zapotrzebowania roślin. Na badanym obszarze stosuje się nawadnianie grawitacyjne, polegające na bezpośrednim dostarczaniu wody transportowanej kanałem pod uprawy winorośli. Metoda ta ma kilka wad, takich jak: niedopasowanie harmonogramu zalewów z potrzebami roślin, złożony system rozprowadzania wody i ograniczone możliwości stosowania wydajnych metod nawodnień. Przechowywanie wody dostarczonej kanałem w stawach zamiast bezpośredniego wylania na pola umożliwia ograniczenie wad nawadniania grawitacyjnego. Retencjonowanie wody w stawach umożliwi stosowanie zaawansowanych i wodooszczędnych sposobów nawadniania, takich jak: nawodnienia kroplowe, podpowierzchniowe lub deszczowniane. Porównawcze badania nad nawadnianiem bezpośrednio wodą z kanału i wodą wstępnie przetrzymywaną w stawach prowadzono w okresie od kwietnia 2013 do marca 2016 r. Rezultaty oceniano na podstawie produktywności wody, plonu winogron, wielkości gron i biomasy. Produktywność wody (kg∙m^–3) dostarczanej pod uprawy za pośrednictwem stawu była o 37% większa niż produktywność wody aplikowanej bezpośrednio z kanału. W oparciu o wyniki badań zalecono wykorzystanie stawów w gospodarstwie do przetrzymywania wody z kanału i zastosowanie jej zgodnie z wymaganiem roślin, stosując zaawansowane systemy irygacji.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

agro climatic zone; canal irrigation; evapotranspiration; farm pond; table grape; water productivity

PL

ewapotranspiracja; nawodnienia; produktywność wody; stawy w gospodarstwie; strefy agroklimatyczne; winorośl

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: no. 32
• Strony: 41--51
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kadbhane S. J.

• Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India

autor

Manekar V. L.

• Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India

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Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).