Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer Wood of Different Age

• Autorzy: Gayda Serhiy , Kiyko Orest

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.53502/wood-177453

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

It should be noted that there is currently a problem with wood resources in the woodworking industry. A potential, unused wood reserve is post-consumer wood (PCW). The problem with the quality of this wood resource has not been fully resolved since there is no regulatory database. In fact, there is a lack of appropriate regulatory documents, which makes it impossible to describe to a full extent the physical and mechanical properties of PCW of common wood species of different ages as a source of additional raw materials for various woodworking technologies. Proceeding from the goal, the task of the study is to describe the physical and mechanical properties of postconsumer wood using the example of fir wood, which for a long period of time has been used to create furniture and joinery products. The task is also to identify patterns of change in the indicators of this resource with age - an expired service life or suitability. In order to use PCW in woodworking and to fill the scientific base with physical and mechanical indicators of fir wood of different ages with an expired product service life, the following characteristics were investigated: static hardness, swelling, coefficients of swelling, the value of transverse anisotropy, density, static bending strength, splitting strength along the fibers, modulus of elasticity in compression, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending. The characteristics of PCW of the widespread fir species in the range of use from 0 to 20 years were explored, with intermediate control over the properties every 5 years. The dynamics of the physical and mechanical indicators of fir PCW were revealed and it was found that in the course of operation time in various conditions they change, mainly decreasingly: static hardness by 9.2-9.6%; the value of transverse anisotropy by 30-32%; strength: static bending strength by 3.4-7.95%, splitting strength by 4.49-8.67%; modulus of elasticity: in compression by 3.89-4.08%, in bending by 2.75-6.64%. The main causes of changes in the properties of PCW with age: natural: weathering, partial internal rot, insect damage, other biological effects; mechanical: splitting, scratches, small holes from means of fastening and other defects due to use; operational: the influence of power and dynamic loads, the influence of surface finishing agents and other factors on the structural elements of wood products. A summary table was compiled for the selection of indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of fir PCW of different ages. When knowing the indicators and dynamics of the physical and mechanical properties of PCW with age, it can be recommended for manufacturing structural materials - blockboards and furniture panels.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

post-consumer wood; physical properties; mechanical properties; characteristics; strength; recycling; technology; use

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 66, nr 212
• Strony: Art. no. 177453
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 46 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Gayda Serhiy

• Department of Furniture Production Techniques and Wood Products Technology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Woodworking and Computer Technology and Design, Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), Lviv, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-5661

autor

Kiyko Orest

• Department of Furniture Production Techniques and Wood Products Technology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Woodworking and Computer Technology and Design, Ukrainian National Forestry University (UNFU), Lviv, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-0278

Bibliografia

• Altholz V. [2003]: Verordnung über Anforderungen an die Verwertung und Beseitigung von Altholz (Altholzverordnung – AltholzV), Art. 1a der Verordnung vom 1. März 2003. BGBl. I.: 3302-3317
• Boehme C. [2003]: Altholz bleibt wichtig für Holzwerkstoffindustrie (English: Waste wood is import ant for the wood-based products industry). Holz-Zentralblatt (4): 101
• COST Action E31 [2007]: National summary reports on the European market of recovered wood: 335
• Erbreich M. [2004]: Die Aufbereitung und Wiedergewinnung von Altholz und holzhaltigen Alt- Und Reststoffen zur Herstellung von Mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF) und Hartfaserplatten / Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der Universität Hamburg Fachbereich Biologie // Markus Erbreich: 234
• Gayda S.V. [2007]: A problem of arboreal raw material is in Europe and Ukraine. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 33: 55-63
• Gayda, S.V. [2010]: Research of application post-costumer wood (PCW) in woodworking industry of Ukraine. Actual problems of forest complex 27: 38-42
• Gayda S.V. [2011a]: Recycled of post-consumer wood is for the production of particleboard in Ukraine. Adhesives in Woodworking Industry / Proceedings of the XXth International Symposium. Technical university of Zvolen: 108-121
• Gayda S.V. [2011b]: Recovered wood is additional resource of raw material. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 37(1): 238-244
• Gayda S.V. [2013]: Technologies and recommendations on the utilization of post-consumer wood in woodworking industry. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 39[1]: 48-67
• Gayda S.V. [2015a]: Modeling properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood on the basis of the finite element method. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 41: 39-49
• Gayda, S.V. [2015b]: Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of post-consumer wood (PCW): Actual problems of forest complex 43: 175-179
• Gayda S.V. [2016]: A investigation of form of stability of variously designed blockboards made of postconsumer wood. ProLigno 12[1]: 22-31
• Gayda S.V. [2017a]: The complex studies on the change of elastic properties of post-consumer fir wood with age. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 43: 58-72
• Gayda S.V., Voytovych I.G. [2017b]: Durability and stability of elements for beam furniture products made from post-consumer wood (PCW) are investigated. Bulletin of KhNTUA 189: 62-70
• Gayda S.V. [2018]: Strength of combined blockboard made of post-consumer wood (PCW). Bulletin of KhNTUA 197: 3-9
• Gayda S.V., Lesiv L.E. [2019]: A determination and comparison of properties of post-consumer wood of the basic conifers. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 45: 39-46. https://doi.org/10.36930/42194506
• Gayda, S.V., Kiyko O.A. [2020a]: Determining the regime parameters for the surface cleaning of post-consumer wood by a needle milling tool. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (1 (107)), 89–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212484
• Gayda, S.V., Kiyko O.A. [2020b]: The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood. Poznan: Drewno, 63 (206), 77-102. doi: https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.352.10
• Grigoriou A. [1996]: he ecological importance of wood products. Scientific Annals of the Department of Forestry and Natural Environment 39[2]: 703-714
• Lykidis C., Grigoriou A. [2005]: Recycling of wooden structures and its value to the protection of natural environment. In: Proceedings of ‘‘Conference for Environment and Today’s Way of Living’’, Organized by the Municipality of Thessalonica, 15-16 April 2005: 68-76
• Mantau, U.; Wagner, J.; Baumann, J. [2005a]: Stoffstrommodell HOLZ Bestimmung des Aufkommens, der Verwendung und des Verbleibs von Holzprodukten. Müll und Abfall 37[6]: 309-315
• Marutzky R. [2003]: Neue Wettbewerbssituationen bei Holzsortimenten. Holz-Zentralblatt 10: 180-181
• Ratajczak E. [2013]: Sektor leśno-drzewny w zielonej gospodarce. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technologii Drewna, Poznań: 62-69
• Ratajczak E., Szostak A., Bidzinska G., Leszczyszyn E. [2018]: Market in wood by-products in poland and their flows in the wood sector. Poznan: Drewno 61[202]: 5-20
• Werner, F., Althaus, H-J., Richter K., Scholz RW. [2007]: Post-Consumer Waste Wood in Attributive Product LCA / Context specific evaluation of allocation procedures in a functionalistic conception of LCA/Int J LCA 12[3]: 160-172
• Wroblewska H., Cichy W. [1997]: Przemyslowe odpady drzewne powstawanie i wykorzystanie. Przemysl drzewny 3: 32-34
• Ashkenazi E.K. [1980]: Anisotropy of wood and wood materials: 224
• Borovikov A.M. [1989]: Wood Handbook: 246
• Vintonov I.S., Sopushinsky I.M., Sopushinska M.P. [2004]: Aspects of formation of highly decorative wood texture. Scientific Bulletin UNFU. Lviv: 14[6]. 113-117
• Vintonov I.S., Sopushinsky I.M., Taishinger A. [2007]: Wood Science: 312
• Maksimchuk R.T. [2017]: Anisotropy of swelling of straight-fiber and wavy-curly wood Abies Alba Mill. Scientific Bulletin UNFU. Lviv: 27[10]. 106-110
• Poluboyarinov O.I. [1976]: Density of wood : 160
• Sopushinsky I.M. [2012]: Anisotropy of drying and swell-ing of curly wood of forest beech Scientific Bulletin UNFU. Lviv: 22[3]. 103-108
• Ugolev B.N. [2011]: Wood science and light commodity science: 272
• Tsybyk B.I. [1963]: Determinant of wood of wood breeds of the western areas of the USSR: on macroscopic signs: 54
• List of standards
• GOST 28840:1990 Machines for tension, compression and bending testing of materials. General technical requirements
• GOST 16483.17:1981 Wood. Method for determination of static hardness
• GOST 16483.1:1984 Wood. Method for determination of density
• GOST 16483.24:1973 Wood. Determination method of modulus of elasticity in compression along the fibers
• GOST 16483.35:1988 Wood. Method for determination of swelling
• GOST 16483.3:1984 Wood. Method of static bending strength determination
• GOST 16483.5:1973 Wood. Methods for determination of ultimate splitting strength along the fibers
• GOST 16483.9:1973 Wood. Methods for determination of modulus of elasticity in static bending
• EN 350-2:2004 Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural durability of solid wood – Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of select-ed wood species of importance in Europe
• EN 460:2018 Durability of wood and wood-based prod-ucts - Natural durability of solid wood – Guide to the durability requirements for wood to be used in hazard classes
• ISO 3129:2019 Wood – Sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens