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Making Belgrade a greener city - master planning of the past vs environmentaly, socialy and economically sustainable future

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
We are now still looking for a strategy that could lead to solution to the contemporary problems. Guidelines for the strategy are to be marked mostly with 4 “e”: economy, environment, education and ecology. They should be asking for realization of all sorts of sustainable eco-development. This approach includes cultural and natural resources protection, healthy and stable (economically and socially balanced) affirmation of the environment, which undeniably includes nature and green bodies within our city boundaries. Researches made so far, presented in the numerous studies, explorations and plans, in as much as master planning ever since it began in modern Belgrade of 19th century, provide quality material for creation of a necessary database, as one of the steps suggested in methodological approach for realization. Belgrade, by its natural characteristics, richness of culture and historical heritage and international significance offers ideal possibilities for sustainable and ecologically intense projects. It could have become a green or at least much greener city already, few times in its past, and it still can reach the same goal in the near future.
PL
Nadal szukamy strategii, która mogłaby prowadzić do rozwiązania współczesnych problemów. Elementy strategii określane są jako 4 "e”: gospodarka, środowisko, edukacja i ekologia. W tych dziedzinach dąży się do realizacji wszelkiego rodzaju zrównoważonego eko-rozwoju. To podejście zawiera rozwój kulturalny, ochronę surowców naturalnych, ochronę zdrowa i stałą (ekonomicznie i społecznie potwierdzoną) afirmację środowiska naturalnego w granicach miasta. Szereg badań podejmowano już w nowoczesnym Belgradzie od 19 wieku odkąd to dostarczano jakościowego materiału, tworząc bazę koniecznych danych a jednym z kroków było metodologiczne podejście do przyszłych realizacji. Belgrad, przez jego naturalne cechy, bogactwo kultury i historycznego dziedzictwa oraz międzynarodowe znaczenie oferuje idealne możliwości dla zrównoważonych i ekologicznie intensywnych projektów. Jak już projektowano w przeszłości miasto mogłoby stać się zielonym a przynajmniej w dużym stopniu zasłużyć na miano zielonego miasta i osiągnąć ten cel w bliskiej przyszłości.
Rocznik
Strony
29--42
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Building Management, Department of Architecture, Union – Nikola Tesla University, Belgrade, Serbia
Bibliografia
  • [1] Kolbert, E.; Chilling. New Yorker, The style issue, Conde Nast Publications, New York, March 20th; 2006
  • [2] Hansen, J. et al.; Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2, 2008; pp. 217-231
  • [3] Hansen, J.; GISS Surface Temperature Analysis, Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation. Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. [online], http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/; 2005
  • [4] Solomon, S. et all (eds); IPCC: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York; 2007
  • [5] Parry, M.L. et al (eds); IPCC: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York; 2007
  • [6] International Energy Agency (IEA); How the Energy Sector can deliver on a Climate Agreement in Copenhagen: Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2009 for the Bangkok UNFCCC meeting. OECD / IEA. [online], http://www.iea.org/weo/docs/weo2009/climate_change_excerpt.pdf; 2009
  • [7] Goudie, A.; The Human Impact on the Natural Environment. 6th ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford; 1995
  • [8] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The State of Food and Agriculture: Livestock in the balance. FAO; 2010; FAO, Rome [online], http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e00.htm; Communication Division, Rome [online], http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0680e/i0680e.pdf
  • [9] World Resource Institute (WRI); Forest Landscape Initiative [online], http://www.wri.org/project/globalforest-watch; 2010
  • [10] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010: Main Report. Forestry Paper 163; 2010
  • [11] Hoekstra, A.Y.; The Global Dimension of Water Governance: Nine Reasons for Global Arrangements in Order to cope with local Problems. Value of Water Research Report Series, No.2 UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. [online], http://doc.utwente.nl/58371/1/Report_20.pdf; 2006
  • [12] Clarke, R, King, J.; The Atlas of Water. Earthscan, London; 2006
  • [13] Droege, P.; Renewable city: The energy revolution as essential urban development paradigm. Metropolis: Resources eds. IBA _Hamburg, Jovis Verlag, Berlin, 2008; pp. 26-34
  • [14] Hawken, P.; Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came into Being and Why No One Saw It Coming, Viking, New York, 2007; pp. 172
  • [15] Strange, T., Bayley, A.; Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment. OECD Publishing: Paris, 2008; pp. 13
  • [16] Cambridge online dictionary, www.dictonarycambridge.org
  • [17] Bossel H.; Indicators for Sustainable Development: Theory, Method, Applications, a Report to the Balaton Group, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Winnipeg; 1999
  • [18] Davis M. ; Planet of Slums, Verso, London and New York; 2006
  • [19] Maturana H.R.; Autopoiesis, Structural Coupling and Cognition. Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 9(3-4), 2002; pp. 5-34
  • [20] World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED); Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford; 1987
  • [21] Gladwin, T.N., Kennelly, J.J., Krause, T.S.; Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: implications for management theory and research. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 1995; p. 874-907
  • [22] Hampel, L.C.; Conceptual and analytical challenges in building sustainable communities in Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformation in Environmental Policy, eds. Mazmanian, D.A. and Kraft, M.E., The MIT Press, Cambridge MA; 1999
  • [23] Research Group on the Future`s Portal of Sustainability (RGFPS) [online], http://www.caplmu. de/fgz/portals/sustainability/definitions.php
  • [24] Vos, R.O.; Perspective-Defining sustainability: a conceptual orientation. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 82(4), 2007; p. 334-339
  • [25] Bell, B., Wakepord, K. (eds); Expanding architecture: Design as activism,Metropolis books, New York, p. 8; 2008
  • [26] Camagni, R.; On the concept of Territorial Competitiveness: Sound or Misleading? Urban Studies, 39 (13), 2002; p. 2395-2411
  • [27] Bell, S.,Morse S.; Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable? 2nd ed. Earthscan, London; 2008
  • [28] Lawson, B.M., Phiri in collaboration with John Wells-Thorpe; The Architectural Healthcare Environment and its Effect on Patient Health Outcomes: a Report on an NHS Estates Funded Research Project, The Stationary Office, London, 2003; pp. 1-22
  • [29] Harding, S.P.; "What is Deep Ecology?" Resurgence, 185, 1997; pp.14-17
  • [30] Ledoux, L., Mertens, R., Wolff, P.; EU sustainable development indicators: An overview. Natural Resources Forum, 29 (4), 2005; pp. 392-403
  • [31] Milosevic, P.; Sustainable Eco-Design and Planning for the Future of the City. Izgradnja - Monthly Review of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Town Planning Unions, 65(3-4), 2011; pp. 94-112 Milosevic, P.; Belgrade, City of Future of South-East Europe, in Transition - New Management Directions in Urban Development, Preservation and Renewal. Work on the 18th International Symposium on Urban Design and Implementation - Strategies of Spatial Development and Urban Projects. Mimar Sinan University of Fine Arts, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Urban Design Section, Istanbul, 28-29 May; 2007; Milosevic P.; Belgrade, City of the Future of Southeast Europe - New Guidelines on the Management of City Development. Work presented at the International Conference onModern Problems in Construction, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, 1-2 June. Proceedings Book 15, pp.580-595 (on CD) and p.76 (printed version); www.gf.su.ac.yu; 2006
  • [32] Milosevic P., Nikolić V.; Danube Amphitheater. Invited by Academy of Architecture of Serbia. Comprehensive program and project plan for the area of Ada Huja in Belgrade, the Institute of Urbanism Belgrade. November. About: Danube amphitheater. Spatial program for Ada Huja area in Belgrade. Info 16/2006, X-XI-XII/MMVI, ISSN 1451-5393, Institute of Urbanism Belgrade, pp.18-19; www.urbel.com/publikacije_info_16.html; 2005
  • [33] Papanek, V.; Design for the real world: Human ecology and social change, 2nd ed., Thames and Hudson, London; 1992
  • [34] McKenzie, S.; Social Sustainability: towards some definitions, Working Paper Series No. 27. Hawke Research Institute, University of South Australia, Magill, South Australia, pp.12 [online], http://www.unisa.edu.au/hawkeinstitute/publications/downloads/wp27.pdf; 2004
  • [35] Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning. National Sustainable Development Strategy 2008. [online], http://www.ekoplan.gov.rs/DNA/docs/strategija_rs.pdf; 2008
  • [36] Stojanovski, B., Vučičević, A, Đumić, A.; Regional Spatial Plan for Administrative Territory of Belgrade, Territorium No. 1, Belgrade; 2004
  • [37] Group of authors; The General Plan of Belgrade 2021. Official Gazette of Belgrade, number 27 of 15 October; 2003
  • [38] National Research Council (NRC); Our Common Journey: A transition towards sustainability. National Academic Press: Washington [online], http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9690; 1999
  • [39] Jenks, M. Burton, E., Williams, K.; The Compact City - A Sustainable Form. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford; 1996
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-778df726-a51b-4fc1-87da-825b290539e7
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